Nahrungsmittelallergien im Kindesalter

Zusammenfassung

Nahrungsmittelallergien scheinen in den industrialisierten Ländern in den letzten Jahren zugenommen zu haben. Angaben zur Prävalenz schwanken zwischen 4-8% im Kindesalter und 2-4% bei erwachsenen Menschen. Das klinische Bild ist entsprechend unterschiedlichen Entstehungsformen sehr heterogen und stellt den behandelnden Arzt oft vor diagnostische Schwierigkeiten. Das führt zum einen zu einer Überdiagnose mit zum Teil unnötigen Diäten und der Gefahr der Unter- bzw. Fehlernährung und zum anderen wird manchen Betroffenen eine adäquate Therapie vorenthalten.

Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es, eine Übersicht über die Klinik, die Diagnostik und die Therapiemöglichkeiten der verschiedenen Nahrungsmittelallergien anhand der aktuellen Literatur zu geben.

Summary

Like other atopic disorders the prevalence rate of food allergy appears to be increasing in the westernized countries. Up to 8% of children and 4% of adults suffer from allergic reactions against various foods. Food allergic reactions are responsible for a variety of symptoms and may be due to different pathophysiological mechanisms. Although tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of food-based allergic disorders over the last ten years, the correct management can be very difficult in some cases and a wrong diagnosis can lead to inadequate dietary restriction and therefore to malnutrition in some children.

This current review will focus on our current understanding of the mechanism of food allergic reactions, the clinical disorders, the diagnosis and the therapy of food-induced allergic disorders.

Schlüsselwörter

Nahrungsmittelallergie - Nahrungsmittelüber-empfindlichkeit - IgE-vermittelte Allergien - zellvermittelte Allergien - Nahrungsmittelallergene

Keywords

Food allergy - food hypersensitivity - IgE-mediated allergy - cell mediated allergy - food allergens

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