Int J Angiol 2018; 27(03): 132-137
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1620242
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Current Status of Arterial Revascularization for the Treatment of Critical Limb Ischemia in Infrainguinal Atherosclerotic Disease

Ahmet Yuksel
1   Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bursa State Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
,
Yusuf Velioglu
2   Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Abant Izzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
,
Mustafa Cagdas Cayir
1   Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bursa State Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
,
Gencehan Kumtepe
3   Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Balıkesir University Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir, Turkey
,
Orcun Gurbuz
3   Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Balıkesir University Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir, Turkey
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
22 January 2018 (online)

Abstract

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the most severe form of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) that may result in limb loss and even death; thus, the fast and proper treatment should be employed as earlier as possible to prevent these catastrophic consequences. Arterial revascularization is almost always an indispensable treatment option for CLI. Although both endovascular and surgical revascularization procedures have an important role, nowadays, the hybrid revascularization as a combination of these revascularization procedures has also gained increasing popularity in the treatment of patients with CLI. This review provides an update on the arterial revascularization strategies for the treatment of CLI.

 
  • References

  • 1 Gerhard-Herman MD, Gornik HL, Barrett C. , et al. 2016 AHA/ACC guideline on the management of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 69 (11) e71-e126
  • 2 Au TB, Golledge J, Walker PJ, Haigh K, Nelson M. Peripheral arterial disease - diagnosis and management in general practice. Aust Fam Physician 2013; 42 (06) 397-400
  • 3 Es MU, Senol S, Yuksel A. Is Hemoglobin A1c a valuable parameter in non-diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease?. Acta Med Mediter 2016; 32: 911-915
  • 4 Novo S, Coppola G, Milio G. Critical limb ischemia: definition and natural history. Curr Drug Targets Cardiovasc Haematol Disord 2004; 4 (03) 219-225
  • 5 Chung J, Modrall JG, Valentine RJ. The need for improved risk stratification in chronic critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2014; 60 (06) 1677-1685
  • 6 Gottsäter A. Managing risk factors for atherosclerosis in critical limb ischaemia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2006; 32 (05) 478-483
  • 7 Shishehbor MH, White CJ, Gray BH. , et al. Critical limb ischemia: an expert statement. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 68 (18) 2002-2015
  • 8 Varu VN, Hogg ME, Kibbe MR. Critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2010; 51 (01) 230-241
  • 9 Lambert MA, Belch JJ. Medical management of critical limb ischaemia: where do we stand today?. J Intern Med 2013; 274 (04) 295-307
  • 10 Peeters Weem SM, van Haelst ST, den Ruijter HM, Moll FL, de Borst GJ. Lack of evidence for dual antiplatelet therapy after endovascular arterial procedures: a meta-analysis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2016; 52 (02) 253-262
  • 11 Davies MG. Critical limb ischemia: advanced medical therapy. Methodist DeBakey Cardiovasc J 2012; 8 (04) 3-9
  • 12 Slovut DP, Sullivan TM. Critical limb ischemia: medical and surgical management. Vasc Med 2008; 13 (03) 281-291
  • 13 Farber A, Eberhardt RT. The current state of critical limb ischemia: a systematic review. JAMA Surg 2016; 151 (11) 1070-1077
  • 14 Baril DT, Ghosh K, Rosen AB. Trends in the incidence, treatment, and outcomes of acute lower extremity ischemia in the United States Medicare population. J Vasc Surg 2014; 60 (03) 669-77.e2
  • 15 Hussey K, Chandramohan S. Contemporary treatment for critical ischemia: the evidence for interventional radiology or surgery. Semin Intervent Radiol 2014; 31 (04) 300-306
  • 16 Yan BP, Moran D, Hynes BG, Kiernan TJ, Yu CM. Advances in endovascular treatment of critical limb ischemia. Circ J 2011; 75 (04) 756-765
  • 17 Conte MS. Critical appraisal of surgical revascularization for critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2013; 57 (2, Suppl): 8S-13S
  • 18 Goodney PP, Travis LL, Nallamothu BK. , et al. Variation in the use of lower extremity vascular procedures for critical limb ischemia. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2012; 5 (01) 94-102
  • 19 Glaser JD, Bensley RP, Hurks R. , et al. Fate of the contralateral limb after lower extremity amputation. J Vasc Surg 2013; 58 (06) 1571-1577.e1
  • 20 Durazzo TS, Frencher S, Gusberg R. Influence of race on the management of lower extremity ischemia: revascularization vs amputation. JAMA Surg 2013; 148 (07) 617-623
  • 21 Blevins Jr WA, Schneider PA. Endovascular management of critical limb ischemia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2010; 39 (06) 756-761
  • 22 Adam DJ, Beard JD, Cleveland T. , et al; BASIL trial participants. Bypass versus angioplasty in severe ischaemia of the leg (BASIL): multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366 (9501): 1925-1934
  • 23 Beard JD. Which is the best revascularization for critical limb ischemia: Endovascular or open surgery?. J Vasc Surg 2008; 48 (6, Suppl): 11S-16S
  • 24 Faglia E, Dalla Paola L, Clerici G. , et al. Peripheral angioplasty as the first-choice revascularization procedure in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia: prospective study of 993 consecutive patients hospitalized and followed between 1999 and 2003. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005; 29 (06) 620-627
  • 25 Romiti M, Albers M, Brochado-Neto FC, Durazzo AE, Pereira CA, De Luccia N. Meta-analysis of infrapopliteal angioplasty for chronic critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2008; 47 (05) 975-981
  • 26 Teraa M, Conte MS, Moll FL, Verhaar MC. Critical limb ischemia: current trends and future directions. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5 (02) e002938
  • 27 Hertzer NR, Bena JF, Karafa MT. A personal experience with direct reconstruction and extra-anatomic bypass for aortoiliofemoral occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg 2007; 45 (03) 527-535 , discussion 535
  • 28 Ricco JB, Thanh Phong L, Belmonte R. , et al. Open surgery for chronic limb ischemia: a review. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2013; 54 (06) 719-727
  • 29 McPhee JT, Barshes NR, Ozaki CK, Nguyen LL, Belkin M. Optimal conduit choice in the absence of single-segment great saphenous vein for below-knee popliteal bypass. J Vasc Surg 2012; 55 (04) 1008-1014
  • 30 Arvela E, Söderström M, Albäck A, Aho PS, Venermo M, Lepäntalo M. Arm vein conduit vs prosthetic graft in infrainguinal revascularization for critical leg ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2010; 52 (03) 616-623
  • 31 McGinigle KL, Pascarella L, Shortell CK, Cox MW, McCann RL, Mureebe L. Spliced arm vein grafts are a durable conduit for lower extremity bypass. Ann Vasc Surg 2015; 29 (04) 716-721
  • 32 Moreira CC, Leung AD, Farber A. , et al. Alternative conduit for infrageniculate bypass in patients with critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2016; 64 (01) 131-139.e1
  • 33 Totic D, Rustempasic N, Djedovic M. , et al. Distal vein patch as a form of autologus modification for infragenicular prosthetic bypass. Med Arh 2013; 67 (04) 245-248
  • 34 Neville RF, Lidsky M, Capone A, Babrowicz J, Rahbar R, Sidawy AN. An expanded series of distal bypass using the distal vein patch technique to improve prosthetic graft performance in critical limb ischemia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2012; 44 (02) 177-182
  • 35 Nguyen BN, Neville RF, Abugideiri M, Amdur R, Sidawy AN. The effect of graft configuration on 30-day failure of infrapopliteal bypasses. J Vasc Surg 2014; 59 (04) 1003-1008
  • 36 Klinkert P, van Dijk PJ, Breslau PJ. Polytetrafluoroethylene femorotibial bypass grafting: 5-year patency and limb salvage. Ann Vasc Surg 2003; 17 (05) 486-491
  • 37 Solaković E, Totić D, Solaković S. Femoro-popliteal bypass above knee with saphenous vein vs synthetic graft. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2008; 8 (04) 367-372
  • 38 Conte MS, Bandyk DF, Clowes AW. , et al; PREVENT III Investigators. Results of PREVENT III: a multicenter, randomized trial of edifoligide for the prevention of vein graft failure in lower extremity bypass surgery. J Vasc Surg 2006; 43 (04) 742-751 , discussion 751
  • 39 Dohmen A, Eder S, Euringer W, Zeller T, Beyersdorf F. Chronic critical limb ischemia. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2012; 109 (06) 95-101
  • 40 Schreve MA, Vos CG, Vahl AC. , et al. Venous arterialisation for salvage of critically ischaemic limbs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2017; 53 (03) 387-402
  • 41 Dosluoglu HH, Lall P, Cherr GS, Harris LM, Dryjski ML. Role of simple and complex hybrid revascularization procedures for symptomatic lower extremity occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg 2010; 51 (06) 1425-1435.e1
  • 42 Miyahara T, Miyata T, Shigematsu H. , et al. Long-term results of combined iliac endovascular intervention and infrainguinal surgical revascularization for treatment of multilevel arterial occlusive disease. Int Angiol 2005; 24 (04) 340-348
  • 43 Mousa A, Abdel-Hamid M, Ewida A, Saad M, Sahrabi A. Combined percutaneous endovascular iliac angioplasty and infrainguinal surgical revascularization for chronic lower extremity ischemia: preliminary result. Vascular 2010; 18 (02) 71-76
  • 44 Piazza M, Ricotta II JJ, Bower TC. , et al. Iliac artery stenting combined with open femoral endarterectomy is as effective as open surgical reconstruction for severe iliac and common femoral occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg 2011; 54 (02) 402-411
  • 45 Schneider PA, Caps MT, Ogawa DY, Hayman ES. Intraoperative superficial femoral artery balloon angioplasty and popliteal to distal bypass graft: an option for combined open and endovascular treatment of diabetic gangrene. J Vasc Surg 2001; 33 (05) 955-962
  • 46 Schanzer A, Owens CD, Conte MS, Belkin M. Superficial femoral artery percutaneous intervention is an effective strategy to optimize inflow for distal origin bypass grafts. J Vasc Surg 2007; 45 (04) 740-743
  • 47 Lantis J, Jensen M, Benvenisty A, Mendes D, Gendics C, Todd G. Outcomes of combined superficial femoral endovascular revascularization and popliteal to distal bypass for patients with tissue loss. Ann Vasc Surg 2008; 22 (03) 366-371
  • 48 Marcucci G, Accrocca F, Gabrielli R. , et al. Combining superficial femoral artery endovascular treatment with distal vein bypass. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2015; 56 (03) 383-391
  • 49 Conte MS. Bypass versus Angioplasty in Severe Ischaemia of the Leg (BASIL) and the (hoped for) dawn of evidence-based treatment for advanced limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2010; 51 (5, Suppl): 69S-75S
  • 50 Bradbury AW, Adam DJ, Bell J. , et al; BASIL trial Participants. Bypass versus Angioplasty in Severe Ischaemia of the Leg (BASIL) trial: An intention-to-treat analysis of amputation-free and overall survival in patients randomized to a bypass surgery-first or a balloon angioplasty-first revascularization strategy. J Vasc Surg 2010; 51 (5, Suppl): 5S-17S
  • 51 Taha AG, Byrne RM, Avgerinos ED, Marone LK, Makaroun MS, Chaer RA. Comparative effectiveness of endovascular versus surgical revascularization for acute lower extremity ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2015; 61 (01) 147-154
  • 52 Ohmine T, Iwasa K, Yamaoka T. Strategy of revascularization for critical limb ischemia due to infragenicular lesions—which should be selected firstly, bypass surgery or endovascular therapy?. Ann Vasc Dis 2015; 8 (04) 275-281
  • 53 Hicks CW, Najafian A, Farber A. , et al. Below-knee endovascular interventions have better outcomes compared to open bypass for patients with critical limb ischemia. Vasc Med 2017; 22 (01) 28-34
  • 54 Brazeau NF, Pinto EG, Harvey HB. , et al. Critical limb ischemia: an update for interventional radiologists. Diagn Interv Radiol 2013; 19 (02) 173-180
  • 55 DeRubertis BG, Pierce M, Ryer EJ, Trocciola S, Kent KC, Faries PL. Reduced primary patency rate in diabetic patients after percutaneous intervention results from more frequent presentation with limb-threatening ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2008; 47 (01) 101-108
  • 56 Conte MS, Geraghty PJ, Bradbury AW. , et al. Suggested objective performance goals and clinical trial design for evaluating catheter-based treatment of critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2009; 50 (06) 1462-73.e1 , 3
  • 57 Giles KA, Pomposelli FB, Spence TL. , et al. Infrapopliteal angioplasty for critical limb ischemia: relation of TransAtlantic InterSociety Consensus class to outcome in 176 limbs. J Vasc Surg 2008; 48 (01) 128-136
  • 58 Goodney PP, Beck AW, Nagle J, Welch HG, Zwolak RM. National trends in lower extremity bypass surgery, endovascular interventions, and major amputations. J Vasc Surg 2009; 50 (01) 54-60
  • 59 O'Brien-Irr MS, Harris LM, Dosluoglu HH, Dryjski ML. Procedural trends in the treatment of peripheral arterial disease by insurer status in New York State. J Am Coll Surg 2012; 215 (03) 311-321.e1
  • 60 Jones WS, Dolor RJ, Hasselblad V. , et al. Comparative effectiveness of endovascular and surgical revascularization for patients with peripheral artery disease and critical limb ischemia: systematic review of revascularization in critical limb ischemia. Am Heart J 2014; 167 (04) 489-498.e7
  • 61 Abu Dabrh AM, Steffen MW, Asi N. , et al. Bypass surgery versus endovascular interventions in severe or critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2016; 63 (01) 244-53.e11
  • 62 Wang JC, Kim AH, Kashyap VS. Open surgical or endovascular revascularization for acute limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2016; 63 (01) 270-278
  • 63 Bisdas T, Borowski M, Stavroulakis K, Torsello G, Collaborators CRITISCH. ; CRITISCH Collaborators. Endovascular therapy versus bypass surgery as first-line treatment strategies for critical limb ischemia: results of the interim analysis of the CRITISCH Registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 9 (24) 2557-2565
  • 64 Menard MT, Farber A, Assmann SF. , et al. Design and rationale of the Best Endovascular Versus Best Surgical Therapy for Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia (BEST-CLI) trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5 (07) e003219