Circovirus-Infektionen bei Ziervögeln und Tauben: eine Übersicht

Zusammenfassung:

Bei Vögeln sind Circovirus-Infektionen seit langem bekannt. Neben dem Virus der infektiösen Anämie der Küken (chicken anaemia virus, CAV) ist hier vor allem das Virus der Schnabel- und Federkrankheit der Papageien (psittacine beak and feather disease virus, PBFDV) zu nennen. Die meisten Spezies der Ordnung Psittaciformes sowie einige andere Arten sind für das PBFDV empfänglich. Die Erkrankung manifestiert sich nicht nur bei den Nestlingen der Papageien, sondern auch bei adulten Vögeln. Bei diesen kommt es zu irreversiblen Schäden im Federkleid, bis hin zur vollständigen Federlosigkeit. Zudem erfahren infizierte Tiere eine starke Immunsuppression, die sie sehr anfällig für Sekundärinfektionen macht. Neben dem PBFDV wurden kürzlich weitere Circoviren beschrieben, die bei Tauben oder Kanarienvögeln vorkommen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll eine Übersicht über die Circovirus-Infektionen bei Ziervögeln und Tauben gegeben werden. Neben der klinischen Symptomatik sind die zur Zeit gebräuchlichen diagnostischen Nachweisverfahren und die Möglichkeiten zur Prophylaxe weitere Schwerpunkte.

Summary:

Circovirus infections of birds have been well-known since a long time. Besides chicken anaemia virus (CAV), psittacine beak and feather disease virus (PBFDV) has to be mentioned in this context. Most of the species in the order Psittaciformes and some other bird species are susceptible to PBFDV. Usually, nestlings and young psittacine birds are the most affected, but sometimes clinical signs of PBFD can be observed in adult birds as well. The main clinical features are the irreversible loss of feathers, spred over the whole body, and a severe immunosuppression which may result in lethal secondary infections. This article reviews PBFDV infection with the focus on the clinical symptoms. In addition, routinely used diagnostic methods and possible strategies of prevention will be discussed. Circovirus infections of pigeons and of canaries described recently will also be mentioned briefly.

Schlüsselwörter

Ziervögel - Tauben - Circovirus - Schnabel- und Federkrankheit der Papageien

Key words

Pet birds - Pigeons - Circovirus - Psittacine beak and feather disease

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