Der Klimawandel – Wegbereiter für die Ausbreitung vektorübertragener Erkrankungen des Hundes?

Zusammenfassung

Vektorübertragene Erkrankungen gehören zu den wichtigsten globalen Krankheitsgefahren für Mensch und Tier. Der Klimawandel wird dabei immer wieder für die zunehmende Verbreitung parasitischer Akaridenund Insektenvektoren wie beispielsweise Zecken, Flöhe, Sandmücken und Mücken und ihrer Krankheitserreger (im Fall des Hundes sog. CVBD-Erreger [canine vector-borne diseases]) verantwortlich gemacht. Bislang liegen noch unzureichende Daten vor, die den Klimawandel als treibende Kraft für die Ausbreitung von Vektoren und Erkrankungen bestätigen, aber einiges deutet auf eine solche Entwicklung hin. Ökologische, demographische und sozioökonomische Faktoren (z. B. Tiertransporte/-reisen in und Tierexporte aus endemischen Regionen) spielen jedoch derzeit mindestens eine ebenso wichtige Rolle. Bei allen kontroversen Diskussionen über die Ursachen der Vektorund Erregerausbreitung bleibt festzuhalten, dass vorbeugende Maßnahmen immer eine Aufklärung des Hundebesitzers mit einschließen sollten. Dieser ist persönlich für die antiparasitäre Behandlung seines Tieres und für ein risikominderndes Verhalten, z. B. hinsichtlich der Mitnahme des Tieres auf Reisen, verantwortlich. Eine breit angelegte Vektorkontrolle beim Hund sollte durch den Einsatz repellierender und abtötender Parasitizide erfolgen, um zumindest das Risiko einer CVBD-Erregerübertragung vom Vektor auf den Wirt zu minimieren.

Summary

Vector-transmitted diseases are one of the major contributors to the global burden of disease in humans and animals. Climate change is consistently held responsible for the spread of parasitic acarid and insect vectors such as ticks, fleas, sand flies and mosquitoes, and their transmitted pathogens (in the case of the dog the so-called canine vector-borne diseases [CVBD]). Currently, there is only insufficient data available to prove whether climate change is a major driving force for vector and disease expansion, but the evidence is growing. Other reasons, such as ecological, demographic and socio-economic factors, e. g. pet travel into and pet import from endemic areas, also play a role in this development. Apart from all the controversial discussion of the factors leading to vector and disease expansion, preventative measures should include dog owners’ education as they are responsible for individual parasite protection as well as for the minimisation of adverse risk behaviour, e. g. regarding pet travel. Broad-spectrum vector control should be practised by using parasiticides that repel and kill blood feeders in order to minimize the risk of CVBD-pathogen transmission.

Schlüsselwörter

Vektorübertragene Erkrankungen - CVBD - Hundeimporte - Reisen mit Hund - FSME - Leishmaniose - Herzwurmerkrankung

Keywords

Vector-transmitted diseases - CVBD - dog import - dog travel - TBE - leishmaniosis - heartworm disease

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