TMS: Neue Einsatzmöglichkeiten in der neurophysiologischen Charakterisierung von Psychopharmaka und der biologischen Phänotypisierung psychischer Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung

Zwei Aspekte der transkraniellen Magnetstimulation (TMS) finden zunehmend Einzug in die Psychiatrie. Zum einen die repetitive transkranielle Magnetstimulation (rTMS) zur Behandlung psychischer Erkrankungen, zum anderen die diagnostische Variante des Verfahrens. Methodische Erweiterungen dieser diagnostisch ausgerichteten TMS eröffnen die Möglichkeit, schmerzfrei und nichtinvasiv die kortikale Exzitabilität des motorischen Systems zu messen. Damit lassen sich neue Erkenntnisse zur Wirkungsweise von Psychopharmaka gewinnen. Besonders interessant erscheint zudem die Möglichkeit der biologischen Phänotypisierung mittels dieses Verfahrens. Hierbei lassen sich so genannte neurophysiologische Endophänotypen definieren, die zum Teil genetisch determiniert sind.

Summary

Two aspects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) gain increasing importance in the field of psychiatry. The repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a promising method for treating neuropsychiatric diseases like depression as well as the diagnostic variant of TMS. Methodological improvement of this diagostic variant offer the possibility to measure aspects of cortical excitability painlessly and non-invasively. Using this neurophysiological tool, new insights into the effects of central-acting drugs are possible. Particularly striking seems to be the potential of this approach for use in biological phenotyping. TMS seems to detect neurophysiological endophenotypes that may be the result of genetic variations.

Schlüsselwörter

Transkranielle Magnetstimulation - Doppelpuls-TMS - kortikale Exzitabilität

Keywords

Transcranial magnetic stimulation - paired-pulse TMS - cortical excitability

• Literatur

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