Nervenheilkunde 2018; 37(06): 410-419
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1667398
Musik
Schattauer GmbH

Musik in der Neurorehabilitation nach einem Schlaganfall

Music in neurorehabilitation after stroke
F. Speth
1   Berlin
,
S. Evers
2   Klinik für Neurologie, Krankenhaus Lindenbrunn, Coppenbrügge
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Korrespondenzadresse

Dr. Florina Speth
Adalbertstr. 72
10997 Berlin

Publication History

eingegangen am: 10 March 2018

angenommen am: 04 April 2018

Publication Date:
23 July 2018 (online)

 

Zusammenfassung

In diesem Übersichtsartikel wird der Stand der Forschung zu Effekten und Wirkweisen musiktherapeutischer Anwendungen in der Neurorehabilitation mit einem Fokus auf Schlaganfallrehabilitation dargestellt. Daran anknüpfend werden offene Untersuchungsfelder beschrieben, die sich aus dem zunehmenden Einsatz von robotergestützten Systemen, die klangliche Umgebungen nutzen, ergeben.


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Summary

In this review, the current research regarding effects and mechanisms of music therapy in neurorehabilitation with a focus on stroke rehabilitation is presented. Subsequently, unresolved aspects of research are described which are related to robot-assisted systems using sound surroundings.


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Interessenkonflikt

Es besteht kein Interessenkonflikt.

  • Literatur

  • 1 Amengual JL, Rojo N, Veciana de las Heras M, Marco-Pallarés J, Grau-Sánchez J, Schneider S. et al. Sensorimotor plasticity after music-supported therapy in chronic stroke patients revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation. PLOS ONE 2013; 08: 1-10.
  • 2 Altenmüller EO, Schlaug G. Apollo’s gift: new aspects of neurologic music therapy. Progr Brain Res 2015; 217: 237-252.
  • 3 Balasubramanian S, Klein J, Burdet E. Robot-assisted rehabilitation of hand function. Curr Opin Neurol 2010; 23: 661-670.
  • 4 Bangert M, Schlaug G. Specialization of the specialized in features of external human brain morphology. Eur J Neurosci 2006; 24: 1832-1834.
  • 5 Bianchi L, Babiloni F, Cincotti F, Arrivas M, Bollero P, Marciani MG. Developing wearable bio-feedback systems: a general-purpose platform. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehab Eng 2003; 11: 117-119.
  • 6 Blank AA, French JA, Pehlivan AU, O’Malley MK. Current trends in robot-assisted upper-limb stroke rehabilitation: promoting patient engagement in therapy. Curr Physic Med Rehab Rep 2014; 02: 184-195.
  • 7 Blood AJ, Zatorre RJ. Intensely pleasurable responses to music correlate with activity in brain regions implicated in reward and emotion. Proc Nat Acad Sci 2001; 98: 11818-11823.
  • 8 Bradt J, Magee WL, Dileo C, Wheeler BL, Mc EGilloway. Music therapy for acquired brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 07: 1-44.
  • 9 Burger B, Thompson MR, Luck G, Saarikallio S, Toiviainen P. Influences of rhythmand timbre-related musical features on characteristics of musicinduced movement. Front Psychol 2013; 04: 1-10.
  • 10 Chanda ML, Levitin DJ. The neurochemistry of music. Trends Cog Sci 2013; 17: 179-193.
  • 11 Chen Y, Howard AM. Effects of robotic therapy on upper-extremity function in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review. Dev Neurorehabil 2014; 19: 64-71.
  • 12 Cross I. Music as a biocultural phenomenon. Ann New York Acad Sci 2003; 999: 106-111.
  • 13 Dean C. Group task-specific circuit training for patients discharged home after stroke may be as effective as individualised physiotherapy in improving mobility. J Physiother 2012; 58: 269-271.
  • 14 Eschrich S, Münte TF, Altenmüller EO. Unforgettable film music: the role of emotion in episodic long-term memory for music. BioMed Central Neuroscience 2008; 09: 1-7.
  • 15 Friedman N, Chan V, Reinkensmeyer AN, Beroukhim A, Zambrano GJ, Bachman M, Reinkensmeyer DJ. Retraining and assessing hand movement after stroke using the MusicGlove: comparison with conventional hand therapy and isometric grip training. J NeuroEng Rehabil 2014; 11: 1-14.
  • 16 Gärtner H, Minnerop M, Pieperhoff P, Schleicher A, Zilles K, Altenmüller EO, Amunts K. Brain morphometry shows effects of long-term musical practice in middle-aged keyboard players. Front Psychol 2013; 04: 1-13.
  • 17 Gebauer L, Vuust P. Music interventions in healthcare. White Paper 2014; 1-66.
  • 18 Hesse S, Hess A, Werner C, Kabbert N, Buschfort R. Effect on arm function and cost of robot-assisted group therapy in subacute patients with stroke and a moderately to severely affected arm: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2014; 28: 637-647.
  • 19 Heuschmann PU, Busse O, Wagner M, Endres A, Villringer J. et al. Schlaganfallhäufigkeit und Versorgung von Schlaganfallpatienten in Deutschland. Akt Neurol 2010; 37: 333-340.
  • 20 Huron D. Sweet anticipation. Music and the psychology of expectation. Cambridge: MIT Press; 2006
  • 21 Hove MJ, Fairhurst MT, Kotz SA, Keller PE. Synchronizing with auditory and visual rhythms: an fMRI assessment of modality differences and modality appropriateness. NeuroImage 2013; 67: 313-321.
  • 22 Hyde KL, Lerch J, Norton A, Foregard M, Winner E, Evans AC, Schlaug G. The effects of musical training on structural brain development: a longitudinal study. Ann New York Acad Sci 2009; 1169: 182-186.
  • 23 Hyde KL, Lerch J, Norton A, Forgeard M, Winner E, Evans AC, Schlaug G. Musical training shapes structural brain development. J Neurosci Neuroscience 2009; 29: 3019-3025.
  • 24 Iversen JR, Repp BH, Patel AD. Top-down control of rhythm perception modulates early auditory responses. Ann New York Acad Sci 2009; 1169: 58-73.
  • 25 Jacobsen J, Stelzer J, Fritz TH, Chetelat G, La Joie R, Turner R. Why musical memory can be preserved in advanced Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 2015; 138: 1-13.
  • 26 Jäncke L. Music, memory and emotion. J Biol 2008; 07: 7-21.
  • 27 Juslin PN. From everyday emotions to aesthetic emotions: towards a unified theory of musical emotions. Phys Life Rev 2013; 10: 235-266.
  • 28 Juslin PN. What does music express? Basic emotions and beyond. Front Psychol 2013; 04: 1-15.
  • 29 Kamioka H, Tsutani K, Yamada M, Park H, Okuizumi H, Tsuruoka K. et al. Effectiveness of music therapy: a summary of systematic reviews based on randomized controlled trials of music interventions. Patient Prefer Adherence 2014; 08: 727-754.
  • 30 Keller PE, Rieger M. Musical movement and synchronization. Music Perception 2009; 26: 397-400.
  • 31 Kirschner S, Tomasello M. Joint music making promotes prosocial behavior in 4-year-old children. Evolution and Human Behavior 2010; 31: 354-364.
  • 32 Koelsch S. Towards a neural basis of music perception – A review and updated model. Front Psychol 2011; 02: 1-20.
  • 33 Kwakkel G, Kollen BJ, Krebs HI. Effects of robotassisted therapy on upper limb recovery after stroke: a systematic review. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2008; 22: 111-121.
  • 34 Laschi C, Cianchetti M. Soft robotics: new perspectives for robot bodyware and control. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2014; 02: 1-5.
  • 35 Loureiro RCV, Harwin WS, Nagai K, Johnson M. Advances in upper limb stroke rehabilitation: a technology push. Med Biol Eng Comput 2011; 49: 1103-1118.
  • 36 MacDonald R. Music, health, and well-being: A review. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2013; 08: 1-13.
  • 37 Maciejasz P, Eschweiler J, Gerlach-Hahn K, Jansen-Troy A, Leonhardt S. A survey on robotic devices for upper limb rehabilitation. J NeuroEng Rehabil 2014; 11: 1-29.
  • 38 Maclean N, Pound P, Wolfe C, Rudd A. Qualitative analysis of stroke patients’ motivation for rehabilitation. BMJ 2000; 321: 1051-1054.
  • 39 Maes P, Wanderley MM, Palmer C. The role of working memory in the temporal control of discrete and continuous movements. Exp Brain Res 2014; 233: 263-273.
  • 40 Malcolm MP, Massie C, Thaut M. Rhythmic auditory-motor entrainment improves hemiparetic arm kinematics during reaching movements: a pilot study. Top Stroke Rehabil 2009; 16: 69-79.
  • 41 Mehrholz J, Platz T, Kugler J, Pohl M. Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training for improving arm function and activities of daily living after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; 04: 1-34.
  • 42 Merker BH, Madison GS, Eckerdal P. On the role and origin of isochrony in human rhythmic entrainment. Cortex 2009; 45: 4-17.
  • 43 Münte TF, Altenmüller EO, Jäncke L. The musician’s brain as a model of neuroplasticity. Nat Rev Neurosci 2002; 03: 473-478.
  • 44 Nieminen S, Istok E, Brattico E, Tervaniemi M, Huotilainen M. The development of aesthetic responses to music and their underlying neural and psychological mechanisms. Cortex 2011; 47: 1138-1146.
  • 45 Novak D, Nagle A, Keller U, Riener R. Increasing motivation in robot-aided arm rehabilitation with competitive and cooperative gameplay. J NeuroEng Rehabil 2014; 11: 1-15.
  • 46 Paltsev EI, Elner AM. Change in the functional role of spinal segments subjected to acoustic stimulation and its role in involuntary movement. Biofizika 1967; 12: 1064-1070.
  • 47 Patel AD. The evolutionary biology of musical rhythm: Was Darwin wrong. PLoS Biol 2014; 12: 1-6.
  • 48 Paul S, Ramsey D. The effects of electronic musicmaking as a therapeutic activity for improving upper extremity active range of motion. Occupational Therapy International 1998; 05: 223-237.
  • 49 Phillips-Silver J, Aktipis CA, Bryant GA. The ecology of entrainment: Foundations of coordinated rhythmic movement. Music Perception 2010; 28: 3-14.
  • 50 Poli P, Morone G, Rosati G, Masiero S. Robotic technologies and rehabilitation: new tools for stroke patients’ therapy. Biomed Res Int 2013; 2013: 153872.
  • 51 Prahalad CK, Ramaswamy V. Co-creation experiences: The next practice in value creation. J of Interactive Marketing 2014; 18: 5-14.
  • 52 Prange GB, Jannink MJA, Groothuis-Oudshoorn CGM, Hermens HJ, Ijzerman MJ. Systematic review of the effect of robot-aided therapy on recovery of the hemiparetic arm after stroke. J Rehabil Res Dev 2006; 43: 171-184.
  • 53 Quinn L, Busse M, Dal Bello-Haas V. Management of upper extremity dysfunction in people with Parkinson disease and Huntington disease: facilitating outcomes across the disease lifespan. J Hand Ther 2014; 26: 148-154.
  • 54 Raglio A, Attardo L, Gontero G, Rollino S, Groppo E, Granieri E. Effects of music and music therapy on mood in neurological patients. World J Psychiatry 2015; 05: 68-78.
  • 55 Rosati G, Oscari F, Spagnol S, Avanzini F, Masiero S. Effect of task-related continuous auditory feedback during learning of tracking motion exercises. J NeuroEng Rehabil 2012; 09: 1-13.
  • 56 Ross JM, Balasubramaniam R. Physical and neural entrainment to rhythm: human sensorimotor coordination across tasks and effector systems. Front Human Neurosci 2014; 08: 1-6.
  • 57 Rossignol S, Jones GM. Audio-spinal influence in man studied by the H-reflex and its possible role on rhythmic movements synchronized to sound. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1967; 41: 83-92.
  • 58 Repp BH, Penel A. Rhythmic movement is attracted more strongly to auditory than to visual rhythms. Psychol Res 2004; 68: 252-270.
  • 59 Sammler D, Grigutsch M, Fritz T, Koelsch S. Music and emotion: electrophysiological correlates of the processing of pleasant and unpleasant music. Psychophysiology 2007; 44: 293-304.
  • 60 Särkämö T, Soto D. Music listening after stroke: beneficial effects and potential neural mechanisms. Ann New York Acad Sci 2012; 1252: 266-281.
  • 61 Särkämö T, Tervaniemi M, Laitinen S, Forsblom A, Soinila S, Mikkonen M. et al. Music listening enhances cognitive recovery and mood after middle cerebral artery stroke. Brain 2008; 131: 866-876.
  • 62 Schneider S, Schönle PW, Altenmüller EO, Münte TF. Using musical instruments to improve motor skill recovery following a stroke. J Neurol 2007; 254: 1339-1346.
  • 63 Speth F. The role of sound in robot-assisted hand function training post-stroke. Diss Rehabilitationswissenschaften. Humboldt Universität zu Berlin. 2017
  • 64 Taheri H, Rowe JB, Gardner D, Chan V, Gray K, Bower C. et al. Design and preliminary evaluation of the FINGER rehabilitation robot: controlling challenge and quantifying finger individuation during musical computer game play. J NeuroEng Rehabil 2014; 11: 1-10.
  • 65 Thaut MH. Music as therapy in early history. Progr Brain Res 2015; 217: 143-158.
  • 66 Thaut MH, Kenyon GP, Hurt CP, McIntosh GC, Hömberg V. Kinematic optimization of spatiotemporal patterns in paretic arm training with stroke patients. Neuropsychologia 2002; 40: 1073-1081.
  • 67 Thaut MH, McIntosh GC, Hömberg V. Neurobiological foundations of neurologic music therapy: rhythmic entrainment and the motor system. Front Psychol 2015; 05: 1-6.
  • 68 Thaut MH, McIntosh GC, Rice RR, Miller RA, Rathbun J, Brault JM. Rhythmic auditory stimulation in gait training for Parkinson’s disease patients. Mov Dis 1996; 11: 193-200.
  • 69 Thaut MH, McIntosh GC, Prassas SG, Rice RR. Effect of rhythmic auditory cuing on temporal stride parameters and EMG. Patterns in hemiparetic gait of stroke patients. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 1993; 07: 9-16.
  • 70 Van der Hejden MJ, Oliai AS, van Dijk M, Jeekel J, Hunink MG. The effects of perioperative music interventions in pediatric surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS ONE 2015; 10: 1-11.
  • 71 Van Vugt FT. Sounds on time: auditory feedback in motor learning, re-learning and over-learning of timing regularity. Neuroscience. Université Claude BernardLyon I. 2013
  • 72 Van Vugt FT, Kafczyk T, Kuhn W, Rollnik JD, Tillmann B, Altenmüller EO. The role of auditory feedback in music-supported stroke rehabilitation: A singleblinded randomised controlled intervention. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2016; 34: 297-311.
  • 73 Vuilleumier P, Trost W. Music and emotions: from enchantment to entrainment. Ann New York Acad Sci 2015; 1337: 212-222.
  • 74 Wan CY, Schlaug G. Music making as a tool for promoting brain plasticity across the life span. Neuroscientist 2010; 16: 566-577.

Korrespondenzadresse

Dr. Florina Speth
Adalbertstr. 72
10997 Berlin

  • Literatur

  • 1 Amengual JL, Rojo N, Veciana de las Heras M, Marco-Pallarés J, Grau-Sánchez J, Schneider S. et al. Sensorimotor plasticity after music-supported therapy in chronic stroke patients revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation. PLOS ONE 2013; 08: 1-10.
  • 2 Altenmüller EO, Schlaug G. Apollo’s gift: new aspects of neurologic music therapy. Progr Brain Res 2015; 217: 237-252.
  • 3 Balasubramanian S, Klein J, Burdet E. Robot-assisted rehabilitation of hand function. Curr Opin Neurol 2010; 23: 661-670.
  • 4 Bangert M, Schlaug G. Specialization of the specialized in features of external human brain morphology. Eur J Neurosci 2006; 24: 1832-1834.
  • 5 Bianchi L, Babiloni F, Cincotti F, Arrivas M, Bollero P, Marciani MG. Developing wearable bio-feedback systems: a general-purpose platform. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehab Eng 2003; 11: 117-119.
  • 6 Blank AA, French JA, Pehlivan AU, O’Malley MK. Current trends in robot-assisted upper-limb stroke rehabilitation: promoting patient engagement in therapy. Curr Physic Med Rehab Rep 2014; 02: 184-195.
  • 7 Blood AJ, Zatorre RJ. Intensely pleasurable responses to music correlate with activity in brain regions implicated in reward and emotion. Proc Nat Acad Sci 2001; 98: 11818-11823.
  • 8 Bradt J, Magee WL, Dileo C, Wheeler BL, Mc EGilloway. Music therapy for acquired brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 07: 1-44.
  • 9 Burger B, Thompson MR, Luck G, Saarikallio S, Toiviainen P. Influences of rhythmand timbre-related musical features on characteristics of musicinduced movement. Front Psychol 2013; 04: 1-10.
  • 10 Chanda ML, Levitin DJ. The neurochemistry of music. Trends Cog Sci 2013; 17: 179-193.
  • 11 Chen Y, Howard AM. Effects of robotic therapy on upper-extremity function in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review. Dev Neurorehabil 2014; 19: 64-71.
  • 12 Cross I. Music as a biocultural phenomenon. Ann New York Acad Sci 2003; 999: 106-111.
  • 13 Dean C. Group task-specific circuit training for patients discharged home after stroke may be as effective as individualised physiotherapy in improving mobility. J Physiother 2012; 58: 269-271.
  • 14 Eschrich S, Münte TF, Altenmüller EO. Unforgettable film music: the role of emotion in episodic long-term memory for music. BioMed Central Neuroscience 2008; 09: 1-7.
  • 15 Friedman N, Chan V, Reinkensmeyer AN, Beroukhim A, Zambrano GJ, Bachman M, Reinkensmeyer DJ. Retraining and assessing hand movement after stroke using the MusicGlove: comparison with conventional hand therapy and isometric grip training. J NeuroEng Rehabil 2014; 11: 1-14.
  • 16 Gärtner H, Minnerop M, Pieperhoff P, Schleicher A, Zilles K, Altenmüller EO, Amunts K. Brain morphometry shows effects of long-term musical practice in middle-aged keyboard players. Front Psychol 2013; 04: 1-13.
  • 17 Gebauer L, Vuust P. Music interventions in healthcare. White Paper 2014; 1-66.
  • 18 Hesse S, Hess A, Werner C, Kabbert N, Buschfort R. Effect on arm function and cost of robot-assisted group therapy in subacute patients with stroke and a moderately to severely affected arm: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2014; 28: 637-647.
  • 19 Heuschmann PU, Busse O, Wagner M, Endres A, Villringer J. et al. Schlaganfallhäufigkeit und Versorgung von Schlaganfallpatienten in Deutschland. Akt Neurol 2010; 37: 333-340.
  • 20 Huron D. Sweet anticipation. Music and the psychology of expectation. Cambridge: MIT Press; 2006
  • 21 Hove MJ, Fairhurst MT, Kotz SA, Keller PE. Synchronizing with auditory and visual rhythms: an fMRI assessment of modality differences and modality appropriateness. NeuroImage 2013; 67: 313-321.
  • 22 Hyde KL, Lerch J, Norton A, Foregard M, Winner E, Evans AC, Schlaug G. The effects of musical training on structural brain development: a longitudinal study. Ann New York Acad Sci 2009; 1169: 182-186.
  • 23 Hyde KL, Lerch J, Norton A, Forgeard M, Winner E, Evans AC, Schlaug G. Musical training shapes structural brain development. J Neurosci Neuroscience 2009; 29: 3019-3025.
  • 24 Iversen JR, Repp BH, Patel AD. Top-down control of rhythm perception modulates early auditory responses. Ann New York Acad Sci 2009; 1169: 58-73.
  • 25 Jacobsen J, Stelzer J, Fritz TH, Chetelat G, La Joie R, Turner R. Why musical memory can be preserved in advanced Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 2015; 138: 1-13.
  • 26 Jäncke L. Music, memory and emotion. J Biol 2008; 07: 7-21.
  • 27 Juslin PN. From everyday emotions to aesthetic emotions: towards a unified theory of musical emotions. Phys Life Rev 2013; 10: 235-266.
  • 28 Juslin PN. What does music express? Basic emotions and beyond. Front Psychol 2013; 04: 1-15.
  • 29 Kamioka H, Tsutani K, Yamada M, Park H, Okuizumi H, Tsuruoka K. et al. Effectiveness of music therapy: a summary of systematic reviews based on randomized controlled trials of music interventions. Patient Prefer Adherence 2014; 08: 727-754.
  • 30 Keller PE, Rieger M. Musical movement and synchronization. Music Perception 2009; 26: 397-400.
  • 31 Kirschner S, Tomasello M. Joint music making promotes prosocial behavior in 4-year-old children. Evolution and Human Behavior 2010; 31: 354-364.
  • 32 Koelsch S. Towards a neural basis of music perception – A review and updated model. Front Psychol 2011; 02: 1-20.
  • 33 Kwakkel G, Kollen BJ, Krebs HI. Effects of robotassisted therapy on upper limb recovery after stroke: a systematic review. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2008; 22: 111-121.
  • 34 Laschi C, Cianchetti M. Soft robotics: new perspectives for robot bodyware and control. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2014; 02: 1-5.
  • 35 Loureiro RCV, Harwin WS, Nagai K, Johnson M. Advances in upper limb stroke rehabilitation: a technology push. Med Biol Eng Comput 2011; 49: 1103-1118.
  • 36 MacDonald R. Music, health, and well-being: A review. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2013; 08: 1-13.
  • 37 Maciejasz P, Eschweiler J, Gerlach-Hahn K, Jansen-Troy A, Leonhardt S. A survey on robotic devices for upper limb rehabilitation. J NeuroEng Rehabil 2014; 11: 1-29.
  • 38 Maclean N, Pound P, Wolfe C, Rudd A. Qualitative analysis of stroke patients’ motivation for rehabilitation. BMJ 2000; 321: 1051-1054.
  • 39 Maes P, Wanderley MM, Palmer C. The role of working memory in the temporal control of discrete and continuous movements. Exp Brain Res 2014; 233: 263-273.
  • 40 Malcolm MP, Massie C, Thaut M. Rhythmic auditory-motor entrainment improves hemiparetic arm kinematics during reaching movements: a pilot study. Top Stroke Rehabil 2009; 16: 69-79.
  • 41 Mehrholz J, Platz T, Kugler J, Pohl M. Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training for improving arm function and activities of daily living after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; 04: 1-34.
  • 42 Merker BH, Madison GS, Eckerdal P. On the role and origin of isochrony in human rhythmic entrainment. Cortex 2009; 45: 4-17.
  • 43 Münte TF, Altenmüller EO, Jäncke L. The musician’s brain as a model of neuroplasticity. Nat Rev Neurosci 2002; 03: 473-478.
  • 44 Nieminen S, Istok E, Brattico E, Tervaniemi M, Huotilainen M. The development of aesthetic responses to music and their underlying neural and psychological mechanisms. Cortex 2011; 47: 1138-1146.
  • 45 Novak D, Nagle A, Keller U, Riener R. Increasing motivation in robot-aided arm rehabilitation with competitive and cooperative gameplay. J NeuroEng Rehabil 2014; 11: 1-15.
  • 46 Paltsev EI, Elner AM. Change in the functional role of spinal segments subjected to acoustic stimulation and its role in involuntary movement. Biofizika 1967; 12: 1064-1070.
  • 47 Patel AD. The evolutionary biology of musical rhythm: Was Darwin wrong. PLoS Biol 2014; 12: 1-6.
  • 48 Paul S, Ramsey D. The effects of electronic musicmaking as a therapeutic activity for improving upper extremity active range of motion. Occupational Therapy International 1998; 05: 223-237.
  • 49 Phillips-Silver J, Aktipis CA, Bryant GA. The ecology of entrainment: Foundations of coordinated rhythmic movement. Music Perception 2010; 28: 3-14.
  • 50 Poli P, Morone G, Rosati G, Masiero S. Robotic technologies and rehabilitation: new tools for stroke patients’ therapy. Biomed Res Int 2013; 2013: 153872.
  • 51 Prahalad CK, Ramaswamy V. Co-creation experiences: The next practice in value creation. J of Interactive Marketing 2014; 18: 5-14.
  • 52 Prange GB, Jannink MJA, Groothuis-Oudshoorn CGM, Hermens HJ, Ijzerman MJ. Systematic review of the effect of robot-aided therapy on recovery of the hemiparetic arm after stroke. J Rehabil Res Dev 2006; 43: 171-184.
  • 53 Quinn L, Busse M, Dal Bello-Haas V. Management of upper extremity dysfunction in people with Parkinson disease and Huntington disease: facilitating outcomes across the disease lifespan. J Hand Ther 2014; 26: 148-154.
  • 54 Raglio A, Attardo L, Gontero G, Rollino S, Groppo E, Granieri E. Effects of music and music therapy on mood in neurological patients. World J Psychiatry 2015; 05: 68-78.
  • 55 Rosati G, Oscari F, Spagnol S, Avanzini F, Masiero S. Effect of task-related continuous auditory feedback during learning of tracking motion exercises. J NeuroEng Rehabil 2012; 09: 1-13.
  • 56 Ross JM, Balasubramaniam R. Physical and neural entrainment to rhythm: human sensorimotor coordination across tasks and effector systems. Front Human Neurosci 2014; 08: 1-6.
  • 57 Rossignol S, Jones GM. Audio-spinal influence in man studied by the H-reflex and its possible role on rhythmic movements synchronized to sound. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1967; 41: 83-92.
  • 58 Repp BH, Penel A. Rhythmic movement is attracted more strongly to auditory than to visual rhythms. Psychol Res 2004; 68: 252-270.
  • 59 Sammler D, Grigutsch M, Fritz T, Koelsch S. Music and emotion: electrophysiological correlates of the processing of pleasant and unpleasant music. Psychophysiology 2007; 44: 293-304.
  • 60 Särkämö T, Soto D. Music listening after stroke: beneficial effects and potential neural mechanisms. Ann New York Acad Sci 2012; 1252: 266-281.
  • 61 Särkämö T, Tervaniemi M, Laitinen S, Forsblom A, Soinila S, Mikkonen M. et al. Music listening enhances cognitive recovery and mood after middle cerebral artery stroke. Brain 2008; 131: 866-876.
  • 62 Schneider S, Schönle PW, Altenmüller EO, Münte TF. Using musical instruments to improve motor skill recovery following a stroke. J Neurol 2007; 254: 1339-1346.
  • 63 Speth F. The role of sound in robot-assisted hand function training post-stroke. Diss Rehabilitationswissenschaften. Humboldt Universität zu Berlin. 2017
  • 64 Taheri H, Rowe JB, Gardner D, Chan V, Gray K, Bower C. et al. Design and preliminary evaluation of the FINGER rehabilitation robot: controlling challenge and quantifying finger individuation during musical computer game play. J NeuroEng Rehabil 2014; 11: 1-10.
  • 65 Thaut MH. Music as therapy in early history. Progr Brain Res 2015; 217: 143-158.
  • 66 Thaut MH, Kenyon GP, Hurt CP, McIntosh GC, Hömberg V. Kinematic optimization of spatiotemporal patterns in paretic arm training with stroke patients. Neuropsychologia 2002; 40: 1073-1081.
  • 67 Thaut MH, McIntosh GC, Hömberg V. Neurobiological foundations of neurologic music therapy: rhythmic entrainment and the motor system. Front Psychol 2015; 05: 1-6.
  • 68 Thaut MH, McIntosh GC, Rice RR, Miller RA, Rathbun J, Brault JM. Rhythmic auditory stimulation in gait training for Parkinson’s disease patients. Mov Dis 1996; 11: 193-200.
  • 69 Thaut MH, McIntosh GC, Prassas SG, Rice RR. Effect of rhythmic auditory cuing on temporal stride parameters and EMG. Patterns in hemiparetic gait of stroke patients. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 1993; 07: 9-16.
  • 70 Van der Hejden MJ, Oliai AS, van Dijk M, Jeekel J, Hunink MG. The effects of perioperative music interventions in pediatric surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS ONE 2015; 10: 1-11.
  • 71 Van Vugt FT. Sounds on time: auditory feedback in motor learning, re-learning and over-learning of timing regularity. Neuroscience. Université Claude BernardLyon I. 2013
  • 72 Van Vugt FT, Kafczyk T, Kuhn W, Rollnik JD, Tillmann B, Altenmüller EO. The role of auditory feedback in music-supported stroke rehabilitation: A singleblinded randomised controlled intervention. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2016; 34: 297-311.
  • 73 Vuilleumier P, Trost W. Music and emotions: from enchantment to entrainment. Ann New York Acad Sci 2015; 1337: 212-222.
  • 74 Wan CY, Schlaug G. Music making as a tool for promoting brain plasticity across the life span. Neuroscientist 2010; 16: 566-577.