Am J Perinatol 2020; 37(06): 613-620
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1685491
Original Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Repeated Measures of Cervicovaginal Cytokines during Healthy Pregnancy: Understanding “Normal” Inflammation to Inform Future Screening

Miatta A. Buxton
1   Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
,
Noemi Meraz-Cruz
2   Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
,
Brisa N. Sánchez
3   Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
,
Betsy Foxman
4   Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
,
Carina J. Gronlund
5   Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
,
Jorge Beltran-Montoya
6   Sub-comité Académico de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
,
Marisol Castillo-Castrejon
1   Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
,
Marie S. O'Neill
1   Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
4   Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
,
Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
1   Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
2   Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
› Author Affiliations
Funding This study was supported by the following sources: Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies, University of Michigan; National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences: P30 ES017885, R01 ES016932, R01 ES017022, and T32 ES007062; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: T42 OH008455-09; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; National Institutes of Health; National Institute of General Medical Sciences: R25GM058641-18.
Further Information

Publication History

13 November 2018

28 February 2019

Publication Date:
12 April 2019 (online)

Abstract

Objective This study aimed to describe characteristics of cervicovaginal cytokines obtained during pregnancy from women who subsequently delivered at term.

Study Design We used repeated measures of 20 cervicovaginal cytokines, collected on average on a monthly basis, from the second to the ninth month of gestation among 181 term pregnancies in the Mexico City Pregnancy Research on Inflammation, Nutrition, & City Environment: Systematic Analyses cohort (2009–2014). Cytokines were quantified using multiplex assay.

Results Cytokine distributions differed more between than within cytokines. Across trimesters, cytokines interleukin (IL)-1Ra, IL-1α, and IL-8 consistently had high concentrations compared with other measured cytokines. Cytokine intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.41 to 0.82. Spearman's correlation coefficients among cytokine pairs varied but correlation directions were stable; 95.3% of the 190 correlation pairs remained either negative or positive across trimesters. Mean longitudinal patterns of log-transformed cytokines from Tobit regression varied across but less within cytokines.

Conclusion Although mean concentrations of cervicovaginal cytokines among term pregnancies were high, they were largely stable over time. The high cytokine concentrations corroborate that pregnancy is associated with an active inflammatory state. These characterizations may serve as a baseline for comparison to other obstetric outcomes, which may be helpful in understanding deviations from normal gestational inflammation.

Supplementary Material

 
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