DOI:
        10.1055/s-00000009
      
      
        American Journal of Perinatology
      
      
        
          
            Issue 06 ·
           Volume 37 ·
           May 2020
            
          
           DOI: 10.1055/s-010-47780 
          
          
          
  
    
      
    
  
  
        
        
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
      
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
        
          
            
              
              
              
                
                  
                    
                    
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            SMFM Fellowship Series Article
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        557
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Gee, Stephen E.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ma'ayeh, Marwan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ward, Calvin; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Buhimschi, Catalin; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Klebanoff, Mark; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Rood, Kara: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        562
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Hoffman, Mallory; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mann, Lovepreet K.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Won, Jong H.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bergh, Eric P.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Donepudi, Roopali; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Johnson, Anthony; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Moise, Kenneth J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Macpherson, Cora; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Thom, Elizabeth; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mesiano, Sam; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Papanna, Ramesha: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        570
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Hoffman, Mallory; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sibai, Baha: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Review Article
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        577
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Horowitz, Jeanne M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hotalen, Irene M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Miller, Emily S.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Barber, Emma L.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Shahabi, Shohreh; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Miller, Frank H.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Original Article
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        589
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Mission, John F.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Catov, Janet; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Comer, Diane; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Abebe, Kaleab Z.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Deihl, Tiffany E.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Feghali, Maisa; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Scifres, Christina M.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        598
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Dude, Annie; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Miller, Emily S.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        603
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Ozcan, Beyza; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Aydemir, Ozge; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Isik, Dilek Ulubas; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bas, Ahmet Yagmur; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Demirel, Nihal: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        607
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Jia, Guangliang; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gao, Yanxiang; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Li, Chunzhi; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Zhang, Yanqin: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        613
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Buxton, Miatta A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Meraz-Cruz, Noemi; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sánchez, Brisa N.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Foxman, Betsy; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gronlund, Carina J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Beltran-Montoya, Jorge; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Castillo-Castrejon, Marisol; 
              
            
          
            
              
              O'Neill, Marie S.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Vadillo-Ortega, Felipe: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        621
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Riera, Gregorio; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Galindo, Megan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Turrentine, Mark: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        626
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Li, Xiao-Li; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Liu, Yun; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Liu, Miao; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Yang, Chun-Yan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Yang, Qiao-Zhi: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        633
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              O'Malley, Katharine N.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Norton, Mary E.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Osmundson, Sarah S.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        638
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Sherman, Jules P.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hedli, Laura C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kristensen-Cabrera, Alexandria I.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Lipman, Steven S.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Schwandt, Doug; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Lee, Henry C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sie, Lillian; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Halamek, Louis P.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Austin, Naola S.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              
                
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                
                
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                
                  Safety Learning Laboratory for Neonatal and Maternal Care: 
                
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        647
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Pineles, Beth L.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Crimmins, Sarah; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Turan, Ozhan: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        652
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Yu, Yingfang; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Du, Lizhong; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Chen, An; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Chen, Lihua: