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Thromb Haemost 2020; 120(12): 1700-1715
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721319
Blood Cells, Inflammation and Infection

Heparin Inhibits Cellular Invasion by SARS-CoV-2: Structural Dependence of the Interaction of the Spike S1 Receptor-Binding Domain with Heparin

Authors

  • Courtney J. Mycroft-West∗∗

    1   Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
  • Dunhao Su∗∗

    2   Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • Isabel Pagani∗∗

    3   Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
  • Timothy R. Rudd∗∗

    4   Analytical and Biological Sciences Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
  • Stefano Elli∗∗

    5   Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Milan, Italy
  • Neha S. Gandhi∗∗

    6   School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
    7   Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
  • Scott E. Guimond∗∗

    8   School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
  • Gavin J. Miller

    9   School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
  • Maria C. Z. Meneghetti

    10   Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
  • Helena B. Nader

    10   Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
  • Yong Li

    2   Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • Quentin M. Nunes

    11   Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • Patricia Procter

    1   Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
  • Nicasio Mancini

    12   Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
  • Massimo Clementi

    12   Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
  • Antonella Bisio

    5   Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Milan, Italy
  • Nicholas R. Forsyth

    13   Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
  • Vito Ferro

    14   School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
    15   Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
  • Jeremy E. Turnbull

    2   Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • Marco Guerrini

    5   Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Milan, Italy
  • David G. Fernig

    2   Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • Elisa Vicenzi

    3   Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
  • Edwin A. Yates

    1   Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
    2   Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • Marcelo A. Lima

    1   Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
  • Mark A. Skidmore

    1   Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
    2   Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom