Klinisch-neurophysiologische Diagnostik in der Neurorehabilitation

Zusammenfassung

Klinisch-neurophysiologische Methoden, insbesondere die Elektroenzephalografie (EEG) und multimodal evozierte Potenziale (EP) werden in der Akutmedizin zur Diagnostik, aber auch zur Prognoseeinschätzung eingesetzt. Das vorliegende Review gibt einen Überblick darüber, inwiefern diese Verfahren auch eine Bedeutung für prognostische Aussagen und Entscheidungen in der neurologischen Rehabilitation haben, v. a. der neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitation. Die vorliegende Literatur zeigt, dass ein langsamer Grundrhythmus im EEG ebenso mit einem ungünstigen Langzeit-Behandlungsergebnis verbunden ist wie Auffälligkeiten in den EP (z. B. ein Ausfall kortikaler Antworten). Zusammen mit klinischen Parametern und bildgebenden Befunden erlauben klinisch-neurophysiologische Techniken eine Verbesserung prognostischer Aussagen in der Neurorehabilitation.

Abstract

Clinical neurophysiological techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG) and evoked potentials (EP) are used in acute-care hospitals for diagnostic and prognostic reasons. This paper reviews the use of these methods to predict outcome in neurorehabilitation, in particular neurological early rehabilitation. Literature suggests that slow EEG rhythms as well as EP abnormalities (e. g. loss of cortical EP) are associated with poor long-term outcome. Together with clinical and neuroimaging data, clinical neurophysiology enables improved outcome prediction in neurological rehabilitation.

Schlüsselwörter

Neurorehabilitation - Frührehabilitation - Neurophysiologie - EEG - EP

Key words

neurorehabilitation - early rehabilitation - neurophysiology - EEG - EP

• Literatur

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