Masahiro Murakami was born into a poor rice-farming family in 1956, 11 years after
the end of World War II. Although the economic difficulties encountered after this
period made it difficult to raise a family, his parents offered him the highest level
of education. He studied chemistry at the University of Tokyo under the supervision
of Prof. Teruaki Mukaiyama, and received his doctoral degree in science in 1984.
He subsequently began his independent career as a research assistant to Prof. Mukaiyama
at the University of Tokyo. In 1987, he moved to Kyoto University to take a position
as an assistant professor to Prof. Yoshihiko Ito. He took leave from May 1991 to March
1992 to work for Prof. Albert Eschenmoser at ETH-Zürich as a postdoctoral fellow.
He then returned to Kyoto University, being promoted to associate professor in 1993
and to professor in 2002. In March 2022, he retired from Kyoto University in adherence
with the age-mandatory rules implemented by Japanese employers.
Masahiro Murakami’s commitment to education and research began in 1985. During this
time, he mentored more than 150 students, many of whom made their way into industry
and academia, building successful careers. Among them, more than thirty became professors
at academic institutions. His rigorous but heartfelt supervision and training encouraged
students to pursue research at the highest level. The contributions originating from
Murakami’s laboratories are certainly countless, and it would be difficult, if not
impossible, to appropriately highlight them and judge their impact on the scientific
community. Masahiro Murakami has demonstrated that there are no invincible projects
and taught us to think imaginatively instead of using preconceived ideas in order
to seek new boundaries in chemical research. In this manner, his legacy includes concepts
that today we adopt as general knowledge, such as the development of catalytic techniques
for the functionalization of strong sigma carbon–carbon bonds, cycloaddition reactions,
torquoselective transformations, annulation events, skeletal rearrangements and light-induced
processes, among many others.
Beyond any reasonable doubt, Masahiro Murakami leaves behind an unperishable footprint,
both from a scientific and human standpoint. Therefore, the SYNLETT editorial team
decided to create a permanent tribute to Masahiro Murakami by way of a Special Issue
Cluster that includes contributions from eminent scientists in different areas of
expertise. Specifically, we have contributions from authoritative experts, ranging
from technologies occurring via two-electron manifolds to one-electron endeavors that
operate via radical intermediates. Thus, Akiyama reports an interesting photoinduced
technique to access α-hydroxyamino ketones by harnessing the propensity of benzothiazoline
to generate acyl radical precursors.[1] Andersson describes an enantioselective catalytic hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated
amides with iridium complexes supported by modular P,N-ligands.[2] Fernández describes an interesting platform that leverages the synthetic potential
of alkylideneboranes as reaction intermediates for forging C–C bond linkages.[3] You and Gu include a powerful platform towards axially chiral 1-arylisoquinolines
via Ir-catalyzed atroposelective hydroarylation events.[4] An elegant photoinduced Barbier-type reaction of aziridines and azetidines with
simple aldehydes is described by Yu and Gui, providing an interesting entry point
to 1,n-amino alcohols.[5] Furthermore, Harran describes a powerful synthetic endeavor that leverages the synthetic
utility of in situ generated prototropic isomers of 2-acetyl-3-methylpyrrole.[6]
Meanwhile, Ohta and Hayashi describe an expeditious route to fused λ5-phosphinines, including detailed explorations into their interesting properties as
fluorophores.[7] Hong provides a complementary tool towards γ-aryl compounds by using bifunctional
arylsulfonium reagents in the context of photoinduced processes.[8] This Cluster also includes an approach to highly reactive cyclobutenes by means
of a 1,2-aryl or alkyl shift of in situ generated Rh(II) carbene intermediates by
Huo and Wang.[9] Ito, Kubota and Isshiki make use of a mechanochemical silver-catalyzed platform
for accessing γ-fluorinated ketones from tert-cyclobutanols.[10] Following their interest in amination reactions, Jiao and co-workers describe a
direct route to aminotetrazoles from very simple amide congeners in an essentially
one-pot operation by means of C–C bond cleavage.[11] Koskinen includes an interesting Knoevenagel/transesterification sequence followed
by an allylative Pd-catalyzed cyclization reaction as a platform to access chromenopyrrolidinones.[12] The modularity of in situ generated Rh carbenes is additionally covered by Lacour,
showing the potential of N-substituted oxazolidines as a vehicle for preparing eight-membered
1,3,6- or 1,4,6-oxadiazocines in a regiodivergent manner.[13]
This Cluster also includes a contribution from Lee on the synthesis of 2-sulfonylthiazoles
via heteroaryl C–H sulfonylation without recourse to the utilization of halogenated
derivatives,[14] whilst Fensterbank, Ollivier and Lemiere describe a Ni-catalyzed coupling of organosilicates
as a platform to rapidly and reliably construct sp2–sp3 architectures.[15] Li reports a Rh-catalyzed regioselective N-reverse prenylation of indoles under
neutral conditions by using triphenyl phosphite ligands.[16] Ma describes a technique for accessing heteroaryl nitriles with CuCN via Rosenmund–von
Braun reactions.[17] Following up his interest in chiral-at-Ru catalysts, Meggers includes a rather compelling
enantioselective intramolecular cyclopropanation of trans-cinnamyl diazoacetates.[18] On the other hand, Mordini and Calamante describe a direct arylation approach to
rapidly access benzothiadiazole-based fluorophores and discuss their utilization in
luminescent solar concentrators.[19] Morita and Krause make use of a recyclable permethylated β-cyclodextrin N-heterocyclic
carbene–gold complex for rapidly accessing benzofurans and indanes.[20] Murai reveals a two-step process that allows access to P-chirogenic phosphine oxides
in high enantiomeric ratios by promoting an axis-to-center transfer reaction on treatment
with Grignard reagents. Lee reports a catalytic iminocarboxylation technique for accessing
densely substituted N-acyl pyrroles via intermolecular acyl transfer reactions.[22] Nakao describes a new protocol for the catalytic denitrative generation of open-shell
species from simple nitroalkanes by using 9-fluorenol as a single-electron-transfer
catalyst.[23] Following up their interest in carbon-labelling, Neumann and Skrydstrup describe
a Ni-catalyzed carbonylative coupling of alkyl zincs with α,α-difluorobromoacetamides
by using near-stoichiometric CO.[24]
A contribution from Rovis shows the potential of electronically controlled Ru-catalyzed
olefin metathesis with only electricity as a stimulus.[25] While decarboxylation techniques are certainly rare, Shigeno and Kondo provide an
interesting endeavor that meets such a challenge, allowing access to dicarboxylated
structures by harnessing the potential of combined Brønsted bases.[26] Itami and Yagi report the synthesis of a novel structurally constrained nanobelt
via a Ni-mediated intramolecular aryl–aryl compound of a triflated prism[6]-arene.[27] In addition, Banwell describes the total synthesis of dysidealactams E and F as
well as dysidealactone B.[28] Rueping and Yue describe a Ni-catalyzed technique for incorporating selenium atoms
at sp2 sites with aryl iodides as counterparts.[29] Following up on their interest in C–H functionalization, Chen and Zhao report a
radical-based approach for accessing isoindolinones with ammonium persulfate as the
oxidant.[30] Zhou and Yu describe the utilization of Cp*Rh(III)Cl2 catalysts for enabling a series of transfer hydrogenation events with isopropanol
as the hydride source.[31] Furthermore, Bissember and Stewart describe an expeditious route to (+)-chelonin
A by leveraging the proclivity of triazoles to generate rhodium carbenoids in situ
as a vehicle to construct the central morpholine motif.[32]
This Cluster also offers elegant accounts that illustrate the potential of emerging
methodologies as enabling tools to generate new molecular scaffolds of interest in
both academic and industrial laboratories. In particular, Bach illustrates the potential
of photochemical cascade (domino) reactions as a means to rapidly and reliably construct
molecular architectures of utmost complexity in a single operation.[33] Similarly, Bower describes the potential of minimally activated cyclopropanes to
generate active intermediates by means of C–C bond cleavage as a vehicle for building
up molecular complexity.[34] On the other hand, the versatility of Cp*Co(III) catalysis in a series of C–H amination
events is nicely delineated by Chang, including detailed mechanistic investigations.[35] The recent advances in C(sp3)–H carboxylation reactions by utilizing carbon dioxide (CO2) as the sole source of carbon is nicely reviewed by Das, including important take-home
messages for practitioners and non-practitioners in the field.[36] Gevorgyan summarizes the potential of dual triplet ketone and transition-metal catalysis
as a new platform for forging sp3 architectures by harnessing the propensity of multifaceted triplet ketones for enabling
both hydrogen-atom transfer and single-electron transfer.[37] Meanwhile Kanai discusses the advances made in the context of catalytic dehydrogenation
of saturated N-heterocycles, aliphatic alcohols and even the most problematic hydrocarbons.[38] Finally, Loh summarizes recent techniques aimed at promoting catalyst-free biocompatible
reactions such as Mukaiyama reactions, click processes and applications on the functionalization
of proteins.[39]
‘I was very much surprised when the SYNLETT editorial board members offered to publish
a special issue in honor of my retirement! I was not sure if my scientific achievements
deserved it. I was unable to make a quick decision and it took a while until I finally
accepted the generous offer. I thank all the editorial board members, particularly
Prof. Ruben Martin and Prof. Ben List, for their plan to recognize my work and for
their dedication in bringing it to fruition. I am also immensely grateful to all the
authors who have contributed to this special issue. In addition, I truly cannot thank
enough my parents and Japanese society, which allowed me to pursue an academic career.’ (Masahiro Murakami)
There are certain chemists that mark an era, and Masahiro Murakami is undoubtedly
one of them. On the basis of his outstanding contributions, the new concepts he has
discovered throughout his career and the cohort of students he has mentored, it is
difficult to assess the enormous impact that Masahiro Murakami will have in the years
to come. New generations of chemists certainly have an excellent role model to follow,
and I am absolutely confident that Masahiro Murakami will continue to be an invaluable
source of inspiration for discovering conceptually new processes that will drive research
in catalysis. I sincerely hope that this SYNLETT cluster serves as a tribute to a
chemist that we all, as a community, admire both as a scientist and as a human being.
Ruben Martin
Masahiro Murakami
May 2023
