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Semin Neurol 2022; 42(06): 695-707
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760100
Review Article

Challenging Cases in Neuroimmunology

Anna A. Shah   *
1   Department of Neurology, Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
,
Andrew B. Wolf   *
1   Department of Neurology, Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
,
Anthony Declusin
1   Department of Neurology, Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
,
Kyle Coleman
1   Department of Neurology, Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
2   Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
,
Ryan Kammeyer
1   Department of Neurology, Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
,
Baber Khan
1   Department of Neurology, Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
3   Riverhills Neuroscience, Cincinnati, Ohio
,
John R. Corboy
1   Department of Neurology, Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Abstract

Neuroimmunology is rapidly evolving field extending from well-known, but incompletely understood conditions like multiple sclerosis, to novel antibody-mediated disorders, of which dozens have been described in the past 10 years. The ongoing expansion in knowledge needed to effectively diagnose and treat these patients presents myriad challenges for clinicians. Here, we discuss six informative cases from our institution. By highlighting these challenging cases, we hope to instill fundamental points on the nuances of diagnosis and management for conditions including tumefactive multiple sclerosis, antibody-mediated encephalitis, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, neuromyelitis optica, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG–associated disease.

Keywords

multiple sclerosis - paraneoplastic - neuromyelitis optica - myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein - autoimmune encephalitis

* Equal contributions.




Publication History

Article published online:
23 January 2023

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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