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Drug Res (Stuttg) 2017; 67(07): 385-387
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-102060
Original Article
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

The Role of Peganum harmala Ethanolic Extract and Type II Toxin Antitoxin System in Biofilm Formation

Nasrin Valizadeh
1   Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
,
Firuzeh Valian
1   Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
,
Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
1   Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
,
Shahriar Karami
1   Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
,
Iraj Pakzad
1   Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
,
Hossein Kazemian
1   Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
,
Sobhan Ghafourian
1   Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
2   Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 08 November 2016

accepted 12 January 2017

Publication Date:
20 March 2017 (online)

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Abstract

Toxin antitoxin system is a regulatory system that antitoxin inhibits the toxin. We aimed to determine the role of TA loci in biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae clinical and environmental isolates; also inhibition of biofilm formation by Peganum harmala. So, 40 K. pneumoniae clinical and environmental isolates were subjected for PCR to determine the frequency of mazEF, relEB, and mqsRA TA loci. Biofilm formation assay subjected for all isolates. Then, P. harmala was tested against positive biofilm formation strains. Our results demonstrated that relBE TA loci were dominant TA loci; whereas mqsRA TA loci were negative in all isolates. The most environmental isolates showed weak and no biofilm formation while strong and moderate biofilm formation observed in clinical isolates. Biofilm formations by K. pneumoniae in 9 ug/ml concentration were inhibited by P. harmala. In vivo study suggested to be performed to introduce Peganum harmala as anti-biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae.

Key words

Klebsiella pneumoniae - biofilm formation - Peganum harmala
 

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