Hepatozelluläres Karzinom: neue multimodale Therapiekonzepte

Was ist neu?

Aktueller Stand und Allgemeines Die Leitlinien für das hepatozelluläre Karzinom (HCC) sind derzeit unter Revision, Neuauflagen werden 2018 erwartet. Patienten mit chronischen Lebererkrankungen oder Leberzirrhose müssen mittels Ultraschall alle 6 Monate in Bezug auf die Entwicklung eines HCC gescreent werden. Die chirurgische Resektion oder die Lebertransplantation sind kurative Optionen im frühen Stadium.

Lokoregionäre Therapien Die selektive interne Radiotherapie (SIRT) wird zunehmend häufiger als lokoregionäre Therapie eingesetzt. Die Studiendaten sprechen für eine gute Verträglichkeit, aber keine überlegene Wirksamkeit gegenüber transarterieller Chemoembolisation (TACE) oder Systemtherapie mit Sorafenib.

Neue zielgerichtete Therapien Regorafenib stellt bei Patienten mit Progress unter Sorafenib eine neu zugelassene Alternative in der Zweitlinientherapie dar. Positive Phase-III-Studien wurden für Lenvatinib in der Erst- und Cabozantinib in der Zweitlinientherapie publiziert.

Immuntherapie Der Checkpoint-Inhibitor Nivolumab ist in den USA in der Zweitlinientherapie aufgrund guter Phase-I/II-Daten zugelassen worden. Daten zu einer Phase-III-Studie in der Erstlinientherapie vs. Sorafenib werden 2018 erwartet.

Abstract

Status quo Hepatocellular carcinoma guidelines are currently under revision. A new edition is expected in 2018. Patients with chronic liver diseases or cirrhosis require HCC screening by ultrasound every 6 months. Surgical resection or liver transplantation are curative treatment options for early stage HCC.

Locoregional therapy approaches A more and more common and well tolerated locoregional therapy approach based on study data is selective internal radio therapy (SIRT), although studies did not show an improvement in outcome comparing SIRT to transarterial chemotherapy (TACE) in BCLC B or sorafenib in BCLC C.

Systemic therapy approaches Looking at targeted therapies regorafenib is approved for patients under treatment with sorafenib and disease progression as a second line therapy. Positive phase III-study data have been published for lenvatinib as first-line and cabozantinib as second-line therapy. Nivolumab was approved by the FDA as second-line therapy after positive phase I/II-study outcomes. A study on nivolumab versus sorafenib as first-line therapy will be published in 2018.

Schlüsselwörter

Hepatozelluläres Karzinom - BCLC-Klassifikation - SIRT - Nivolumab

Key words

hepatocellular carcinoma - BCLC classification - SIRT - Nivolumab

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