Download PDF
Digestive Disease Interventions 2023; 07(04): 288-298
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771308
Review Article

Gallbladder Drainage: IR and GI Perspective

Alexander M. Vezeridis 
1   Interventional Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
,
Sagarika Satyavada 
2   Digestive Health, University of Texas Health, Austin, Texas
,
Monique T. Barakat 
3   Gastroenterology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Cholecystitis and gallbladder disease are an important, growing, and costly problem. As interventional radiology (IR) and gastroenterology (GI) have evolved and become even more minimally invasive and technically capable, we play an increasingly important role in the management of cholecystitis, particularly in nonsurgical and palliative settings. This review highlights the modern and future role of IR and GI in gallbladder drainage for the management of acute cholecystitis.

Keywords

percutaneous cholecystostomy - gallstone extraction - endoscopic gallbladder drainage


Publication History

Received: 26 May 2023

Accepted: 19 June 2023

Article published online:
15 August 2023

© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 

  • References

  • 1 Adachi T, Eguchi S, Muto Y. Pathophysiology and pathology of acute cholecystitis: A secondary publication of the Japanese version from 1992. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2022; 29 (02) 212-216
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Gallaher JR, Charles A. Acute cholecystitis: a review. JAMA 2022; 327 (10) 965-975
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Peery AF, Crockett SD, Murphy CC. et al. Burden and cost of gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic diseases in the United States: update 2021. Gastroenterology 2022; 162 (02) 621-644
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Sandler RS, Everhart JE, Donowitz M. et al. The burden of selected digestive diseases in the United States. Gastroenterology 2002; 122 (05) 1500-1511
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Wadhwa V, Jobanputra Y, Garg SK, Patwardhan S, Mehta D, Sanaka MR. Nationwide trends of hospital admissions for acute cholecystitis in the United States. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2017; 5 (01) 36-42
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Shaffer EA. Gallstone disease: epidemiology of gallbladder stone disease. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2006; 20 (06) 981-996
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Loozen CS, van Santvoort HC, van Duijvendijk P. et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus percutaneous catheter drainage for acute cholecystitis in high risk patients (CHOCOLATE): multicentre randomised clinical trial. BMJ 2018; 363: k3965
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Wadhwa V, Trivedi PS, Makary MS. et al. Utilization and outcomes of cholecystostomy and cholecystectomy in patients admitted with acute cholecystitis: a nationwide analysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2021; 216 (06) 1558-1565
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Hatzidakis A, Venetucci P, Krokidis M, Iaccarino V. Percutaneous biliary interventions through the gallbladder and the cystic duct: what radiologists need to know. Clin Radiol 2014; 69 (12) 1304-1311
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Antalek Jr M, Riaz A, Nemcek Jr AA. Gallbladder: role of interventional radiology. Semin Intervent Radiol 2021; 38 (03) 330-339
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Mori Y, Itoi T, Baron TH. et al. Tokyo Guidelines 2018: management strategies for gallbladder drainage in patients with acute cholecystitis (with videos). J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2018; 25 (01) 87-95
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Okamoto K, Suzuki K, Takada T. et al. Tokyo Guidelines 2018: flowchart for the management of acute cholecystitis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2018; 25 (01) 55-72
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Elyaderani M, Gabriele OF. Percutaneous cholecystostomy and cholangiography in patients with obstructive jaundice. Radiology 1979; 130 (03) 601-602
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Radder RW. Ultrasonically guided percutaneous catheter drainage for gallbladder empyema. Diagn Imaging 1980; 49 (06) 330-333
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Beland MD, Patel L, Ahn SH, Grand DJ. Image-guided cholecystostomy tube placement: short- and long-term outcomes of transhepatic versus transperitoneal placement. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2019; 212 (01) 201-204
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Bennett S, Shaida N, Godfrey E, Safranek P, O'Neill JR. A comparison of transhepatic versus transperitoneal cholecystostomy for acute calculous cholecystitis: a 5-year experience. J Surg Case Rep 2021; 2021 (09) rjab410
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Khayat A, Khayat M, Cline M, Riaz A. Percutaneous biliary endoscopy. Semin Intervent Radiol 2021; 38 (03) 340-347
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Courtois CS, Picus DD, Hicks ME. et al. Percutaneous gallstone removal: long-term follow-up. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1996; 7 (02) 229-234
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Palermo M, Fendrich I, Ronchi A, Obeid J, Gimenez M. Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration using a single-operator cholangioscope. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2020; 30 (09) 989-992
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Pang S, England RW, Solomon A, Hong K, Singh H. Single-use versus reusable endoscopes for percutaneous biliary endoscopy with lithotripsy: technical metrics, clinical outcomes, and cost comparison. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022; 33 (04) 420-426
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Guan JJ, England RW, Hegde S. et al. Clinical outcomes of percutaneous biliary endoscopy: a 7-year single-institution experience. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023; 34 (04) 660-668
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Veld JV, van Huijgevoort NCM, Boermeester MA. et al. A systematic review of advanced endoscopy-assisted lithotripsy for retained biliary tract stones: laser, electrohydraulic or extracorporeal shock wave. Endoscopy 2018; 50 (09) 896-909
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Sperry C, Malik A, Reiland A. et al. Percutaneous cystic duct interventions and drain internalization for calculous cholecystitis in patients ineligible for surgery. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023; 34 (04) 669-676
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Hersey N, Goode SD, Peck RJ, Lee F. Stenting of the cystic duct in benign disease: a definitive treatment for the elderly and unwell. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2015; 38 (04) 964-970
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Itoi T, Sofuni A, Itokawa F. et al. Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage in patients with acute cholecystitis in whom percutaneous transhepatic approach is contraindicated or anatomically impossible (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2008; 68 (03) 455-460
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Oh D, Song TJ, Cho DH. et al. EUS-guided cholecystostomy versus endoscopic transpapillary cholecystostomy for acute cholecystitis in high-risk surgical patients. Gastrointest Endosc 2019; 89 (02) 289-298
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Baron TH, Topazian MD. Endoscopic transduodenal drainage of the gallbladder: implications for endoluminal treatment of gallbladder disease. Gastrointest Endosc 2007; 65 (04) 735-737
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Podboy A, Yuan J, Stave CD, Chan SM, Hwang JH, Teoh AYB. Comparison of EUS-guided endoscopic transpapillary and percutaneous gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis: a systematic review with network meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2021; 93 (04) 797-804.e1
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Lindberg CG. Percutaneous gallbladder and urinary bladder rotational lithotripsy and a model for gallbladder sclerotherapy after lithotripsy. Clinical and experimental studies. Acta Radiol Suppl 1993; 383: 1-20
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Lindberg CG, Jeppsson B, Lundstedt C, Willner J, Stridbeck H. Percutaneous rotational lithotripsy of gallbladder stones. Clinical results with the Rotolith lithotriptor. Acta Radiol 1993; 34 (03) 273-278
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Talamini MA, Gadacz TR. Gallstone dissolution. Surg Clin North Am 1990; 70 (06) 1217-1230
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Choi HJ, Cho SJ, Kim OH. et al. Efficacy and safety of a novel topical agent for gallstone dissolution: 2-methoxy-6-methylpyridine. J Transl Med 2019; 17 (01) 195
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 You DD, Cho SJ, Kim OH. et al. Superior gallstone dissolubility and safety of tert-amyl ethyl ether over methyl-tertiary butyl ether. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25 (39) 5936-5952
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Lee SH, Jeon SH. Lasers for the treatment of urinary stone disease. Investig Clin Urol 2021; 62 (03) 241-242
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Aagaard BD, Wetter LA, Montgomery CK, Gordon RL. Heat ablation of the normal gallbladder in pigs. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1994; 5 (02) 331-339
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Becker CD, Quenville NF, Burhenne HJ. Long-term occlusion of the porcine cystic duct by means of endoluminal radio-frequency electrocoagulation. Radiology 1988; 167 (01) 63-68
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Becker CD, Fache JS, Malone DE, Stoller JL, Burhenne HJ. Ablation of the cystic duct and gallbladder: clinical observations. Radiology 1990; 176 (03) 687-690
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Becker CD, Burhenne HJ. Ablation of the cystic duct and the gallbladder. Experimental basis and initial clinical observations. Radiol Clin North Am 1990; 28 (06) 1277-1287
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Brakel K, Laméris JS, Vergunst H, Ten Kate FJ, Nijs HG, Terpstra OT. Sclerotherapy of the gallbladder in pigs. Development of a balloon catheter for a single-step procedure. Invest Radiol 1991; 26 (09) 804-809
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Coleman CC, Vennes JA, Posalaky IP, Amplatz K. Thermal ablation of the gallbladder. Radiology 1991; 180 (02) 363-366
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Kannegieter LS, Brandon JC, Espinoza FP. et al. Gallbladder ablation with gallstones in situ in an animal model. Invest Radiol 1993; 28 (05) 420-426
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Lee TH, Park SH, Kim SP. et al. Chemical ablation of the gallbladder using alcohol in cholecystitis after palliative biliary stenting. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15 (16) 2041-2043
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Lindberg CG, Lundstedt C, Jeppsson B, Stenram U, Stridbeck H. Sclerotherapy of edematous gallbladders with different agents. An experimental study in pigs. Acta Radiol 1993; 34 (02) 143-147
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Soulen MC, Sokol MC, Sullivan KL. Chemical ablation of the gallbladder: evaluation of multiple agents in vitro. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1994; 5 (05) 765-769
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Uchiyama N, Stridbeck H, Stenram U. Chemical sclerosis of the gallbladder. An experimental study in pigs of the effect of absolute ethanol and polidocanol on gallbladder epithelium. Acta Radiol 1989; 30 (04) 427-431
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Soulen MC, Sullivan KL. Chemical ablation of the gallbladder: is it feasible?. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1995; 6 (04) 553-558
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 47 Atar E, Khasminsky V, Friehmann T, Choen A, Bachar GN. Cystic duct embolization with chemical gallbladder ablation for the treatment of acute calculous cholecystitis in high-risk patients: a prospective single-center study. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020; 31 (04) 644-648
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 McGregor HCJ, Surman A, Fernandez A. et al. Pilot study of the safety and efficacy of gallbladder cryoablation in a porcine model: midterm results. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018; 29 (03) 340-344
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 49 McGregor H, Woodhead G, Conrad M. et al. First in-human gallbladder cryoablation in a patient with acute calculous cholecystitis initially treated with a cholecystostomy tube. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019; 30 (08) 1229-1232
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 50 McGregor H, Woodhead G, Patel M. et al. Gallbladder cryoablation for chronic cholecystitis in high-risk surgical patients: 1-year clinical experience with imaging follow-up. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020; 31 (05) 801-807
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar