Comparative Study of Barrett's Esophagus Among Racial Groups: A Four-Year National Analysis

Aims Barrett's esophagus, a condition where the tissue lining the esophagus transforms due to acid reflux, shows varying incidence rates among different racial groups. Studies reveal that Whites and Blacks typically have higher rates compared to Hispanics and other races. This racial disparity prompts a closer look at genetic, environmental, and healthcare access factors that might influence these differences. Understanding these relationships is crucial for tailored prevention and treatment strategies in diverse populations.

Methods The Nationwide Database (HCUP) analyzed 1,748,576 hospital admissions from 2019-2022, focusing on 10,398 adults diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus. Data included demographics and clinical variables like age, diabetes, and more were included to the databse using ICD codes. After data preparation, an exploratory analysis was conducted. The chi-square test and relative and odds ratios were used for initial analysis. Logistic regression, controlling for confounders like sex, various health conditions, and BMI, assessed race's independent effect.

Results This analysis used a comprehensive dataset to investigate Barrett's esophagus incidence across racial groups, utilizing chi-square tests, relative risk (RR), odds ratios (OR), and logistic regression. Significant racial disparities were found (chi-square p<0.001), with incidence rates highest in Whites (28.5%) and Blacks (27.0%), and lowest in Other Race (6.5%) and Hispanics (14.9%). RR and OR showed Whites had the highest risk (RR=1.28, OR=1.89), followed by Blacks (RR=1.21, OR=1.45), while Hispanics and Other Race had significantly lower risks (Hispanics RR=0.67, OR=0.61; Other Race RR=0.29, OR=0.18). Logistic regression indicated protective effects for Hispanics (coef=-0.55, p=0.006) and Other Race (coef=-1.48, p<0.001) compared to Asians.

Conclusions The study reveals significant racial disparities in Barrett's esophagus incidence, with higher susceptibility in Whites and Blacks compared to Hispanics and Other races. Protective effects in Hispanics and Other races suggest genetic or environmental resistance factors. This emphasizes the need for further research into the causes of these disparities and the development of race-specific prevention and management strategies. It also highlights the importance of considering racial backgrounds in clinical assessments and healthcare policies.

 

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Conflicts of Interest

Authors do not have any conflict of interest to disclose.

Publication History

Article published online:
27 March 2025