SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS RELATED TO MORTALITY RATE AND DEATHS DUE TO INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IN BRAZIL

Introduction Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) encompasses a group of chronic illnesses, with Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD) being the most prominent. Despite its association with potentially fatal complications, Brasil faces a scarcity of data on its morbidity and mortality.

Method This descriptive cross-sectional study utilized 2022 data from the Mortality Information System (SIM) for CD and UC, and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The mortality rate (MR) was calculated as the ratio of deaths to the population for each year in the series, multiplied by 100,000.

Objective To determine the MR for IBD in Brazil based on key sociodemographic variables.

Results In 2022, 555 deaths from IBD were recorded in Brazil, corresponding to a general mortality rate of 0.273. The North (MR=0.115) and Northeast (MR=0.188) regions had the lowest rates, 57.8% and 31.0% lower than the national rate, respectively. In contrast, the South (MR=0.367) and Southeast (MR=0.326) regions exceeded the national MR by 34.4% and 19.4%, respectively, while the Central-West showed a rate similar to the national average (0.276). Regarding gender, female mortality (n=299, MR=0.285) was slightly higher than male mortality (n=256, MR=0.259), with only a 2.6% variation. Concerning ethnicity, both absolute numbers and MR indicated a predominance among the White population (n=330, MR=0.373). The Yellow race had the second-highest MR (0.235) despite having the lowest number of deaths (n=2). Other racial groups had rates below the national average: Brown (n=173, MR=0.187), Black (n=38, MR=0.183), and Indigenous (n=2, MR=0.162). Finally, mortality was proportional to the age group. The lowest rate was observed in children aged 5–9 years (0.014), surpassing the national average in the 45–49 age group (0.285) and increasing exponentially thereafter, peaking at ages 75–79 (1.09) and 80+ years (2.46). These figures were 3.9 and 9 times higher, respectively, than the national MR.

Conclusion Due to the lack of systematic registration of diagnosed IBD cases in Brazil, analyzing mortality rates is a critical factor in estimating its incidence across sociodemographic variables. This evaluation revealed higher mortality rates in the South and Southeast regions, among the White and elderly populations, with a slight predominance in females.

 

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No conflict of interest has been declared by the author(s).

Publication History

Article published online:
25 April 2025