3,4-Methylendioxymethamphetamin (Ecstasy): Wirkung, Gefahren und präklinische Therapie der akuten Intoxikation

Zusammenfassung

3,4-Methylendioxymethamphetamin (MDMA, Ecstasy) findet in den letzten 15 Jahren auch in Deutschland als so genannte Partydroge zunehmend Verbreitung. Die Substanz greift in den zentralen Serotoninstoffwechsel ein, steigert als indirektes Sympathomimetikum die Freisetzung von Noradrenalin und hemmt dessen Wiederaufnahme und oxidativen Abbau. Im niedrig dosierten Bereich dient Ecstasy als Stimmungsaufheller und Wachmacher. Werden diese Dosen überschritten, können schwere und bedrohliche Nebenwirkungen wie Psychosen, intrazerebrale Ischämien oder Blutungen, renale und hepatische Funktionsstörungen, kardiozirkulatorische Dekompensationen sowie ein malignes Hyperthermiesyndrom auftreten. Die präklinische Therapie der akuten Intoxikation erfolgt symptomatisch.

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy): Pharmacokinetics, Side Effects, and Prehospital Treatment of Acute Intoxication

Within the last 15 years in Germany, 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MI)MA, Ecstasy) is increasingly being consumed for recreational use. Acting as an indirect adrenergic agonist, MDMA increases norepinephrine release and decreases norepinephrine reuptake and oxidative decarboxylation. Furthermore, MDMA affects serotonin metabolism. If a small dose is consumed, MDMA stimulates the central nervous system, but overdose may cause lifethreatening poisoning. Symptoms of intoxication consist of neurologic disorders, seizures, cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage, renal and hepatic dysfunction, cardiocirculatory depression, malignant hyperthermia, and even death may occur. Since prehospital diagnosis of MDMA-intoxication is virtually impossible and no antagonistic agents are yet available, treatment is symptomatic.

Schlüsselwörter

Designerdrogen - Ecstasy - Intoxikation - präklinische Therapie

Key words

Designer Drugs - Ecstasy - Intoxication - preclinic therapy

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