Small Bowel Obstruction

Tracey Arnell; Michael J. Stamos

doi:10.1055/s-2001-13136

Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery, Table of Contents

Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2001; 14(1): 069-080
DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-13136

Small Bowel Obstruction

Tracey Arnell, Michael J. Stamos

Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Small bowel obstruction is a significant problem for surgeons. Patient evaluation allows accurate and timely diagnosis. Appropriate management includes nonoperative and operative measures. Ongoing research into prevention methods holds the best hope of future improvements in adhesions and their resulting bowel obstruction.

KEYWORD

Small bowel - obstruction - adhesions

Full Text

References

REFERENCES

1 Bevan P G. Adhesive obstruction. Ann R Coll Surg Engl . 1984; 66 164-169
2 Miller G, Boman J, Shrier I, Gordon P H. Etiology of small bowel obstruction. Am J Surg . 2000; 180 33-36
3 Cox M R, Gunn I F, Eastman M C. The operative aetiology and types of adhesions causing small bowel obstructions. Aust NZ J Med . 1993; 63 848-852
4 Zbar R IS, Crede W B, Mclehann C F. The postoperative incidence of small bowel obstruction following standard, open appendectomy and cholecystectomy: a 6 year retrospective cohort study at Yale New Haven Hospital. Conn Med . 1993; 57 123-127
5 Menzies D, Ellis H. Intestinal obstruction from adhesions. How big is the problem?. Ann R Coll Surg Engl . 1990; 72 60-63
6 Weibel M, Majno A G. Peritoneal adhesions and their relation to abdominal surgery. A postmortem study. Am J Surg . 1973; 126 345-353
7 Nieuwenhuijzen M, Reijnen M M, Kuijpers J H, van Goor H. Small bowel obstruction after total or subtotal colectomy: a 10-year retrospective review. Br J Surg . 1998; 85 1242-1245
8 Matter I, Khalemsky L, Abrahamson J. Does the index operation influence the course and outcome of adhesive intestinal obstruction?. Eur J Surg . 1997; 163 767-772
9 Ellis H, Moran B J, Thompson J N. Adhesion-related hospital readmissions after abdominal and pelvic surgery: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet . 1999; 353 1456-1457
10 Ray N F, Denton W G, Thamer M. Abdominal adhesiolysis: inpatient care and expenditures in the U.S J Am Coll Surg . 1998; 186 1-9
11 Shatila A H, Chamberlain B E, Webb W R. Current status of diagnosis and management of strangulation obstruction of the small bowel. Am J Surg . 1976; 132 299-303
12 Bass K N, Jones B, Bulkley G B. Current management of small-bowel obstruction. Adv Surg . 1998; 31 1-34
13 Welch J P. Bowel Obstruction: Differential Diagnosis and Clinical Management. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1990
14 Richards W O, Williams L F. Obstruction of the large and small intestine. Surg Clin North Am . 1988; 68 355-376
15 Sarr M G, Bulkley G B, Zuidema G D. Preoperative recognition of intestinal strangulation obstruction: prospective evaluation of diagnostic capability. Am J Surg . 1983; 145 176-182
16 Much P. Small intestinal obstruction. Surg Clin North Am . 1987; 67 597-620
17 Shrake P D, Rex D K, Lappas J C, Maglinte D DT. Radiographic evaluation of suspected small-bowel obstruction. Am J Gastroenterol . 1991; 86 175-178
18 Sandikcioglu T G, Torp-Madsen S, Pedersen I K. Contrast radiography in small bowel obstruction. A randomized trial of barium sulfate and a nonionic low-osmolar contrast medium. Acta Radiol . 1994; 35 62-64
19 Anderson C A, Humphrey W T. Contrast radiography in small bowel obstruction; a prospective, randomized trial. Military Med . 1997; 162 749-752
20 Ericksen A S, Krasna M J, Mast B A. Use of gastrointestinal contrast studies in obstruction of the small and large bowel. Dis Colon Rectum . 1990; 33 56-64
21 Chung C C, Meng W CS, Yu S CH. A prospective study on the use of water-soluble contrast follow-through radiology in the management of small bowel obstruction. Aust NZ J Surg . 1996; 66 598-601
22 Chen S C, Lin F Y, Lee P H. Water-soluble contrast study predicts the need for early surgery in adhesive small bowel obstruction. Br J Surg . 1998; 85 1692-1694
23 Blackmon S, Lucius C, Wilson J P. The use of water-soluble contrast in evaluating clinically equivocal small bowel obstructions. Am Surg . 2000; 66 238-244
24 Feigin E, Seror D, Szold A. Water-soluble contrast material has no therapeutic effect on postoperative small-bowel obstruction: results of a prospective, randomized clinical trial. Am J Surg . 1996; 171 227-229
25 Balthazar E J, Lieveskin M E, Macari M. Intestinal ischemia in patients in whom small bowel obstruction is suspected: evaluation of accuracy, limitations, and clinical implications of CT in diagnosis. Radiology . 1997; 205 519-522
26 Ha H K, Kim J S, Lee M S. Differentiation of simple and strangulated small-bowel obstructions: usefulness of known CT criteria. Radiology . 1997; 204 507-512
27 Makita O, Ikushima I, Matsumoto N. CT differentiation between necrotic and nonnecrotic small bowel in closed loop and strangulating obstruction. Abdom Imag . 1999; 24 120-124
28 Frager D, Baer J W, Medwid S W. Detection of intestinal ischemia in patients with acute small-bowel obstruction due to adhesions or hernia: efficacy of CT. AJR . 1996; 166 67-71
29 Donckier V, Closset J, Van Gansbeke D. Contribution of computed tomography to decision making in the management of adhesive small bowel obstruction. Br J Surg . 1998; 85 1071-1074
30 Peck J J, Milleson T, Phelan J. The role of computed tomography with contrast and small bowel follow-through in management of small bowel obstruction. Am J Surg . 1999; 177 375-378
31 Daneshmand S, Hedley C, Stain S C. The utility and reliability of computed tomography scan in the diagnosis of small bowel obstruction. Am Surg . 1999; 65 922-926
32 Osteen R T, Guyton S, Steele G, Wilson R E. Malignant intestinal obstruction. Surg . 1980; 87 611-615
33 Taorel P G, Fabre J M, Pradel J A. Value of CT in the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected acute small-bowel obstruction. AJR . 1995; 165 1187-1192
34 Ogata M, Mateer J R, Condon R E. Prospective evaluation of abdominal sonography for the diagnosis of bowel obstruction. Ann Surg . 1996; 223 237-241
35 Suri S, Gupta S, Sudhakar P J. Comparative evaluation of plain films, ultrasound and CT in the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction. Acta Radiol . 1999; 40 422-428
36 Regan F, Beall D P, Bohlman M E. Fast MR imaging and the detection of small-bowel obstruction. AJR . 1998; 170 1465-1469
37 Lee J K, Marcos H B, Semelka R C. MR imaging of the small bowel using the HASTE sequence. AJR . 1998; 170 1457-1463
38 Pickleman J, Lee R M. The management of patients with suspected early postoperative small bowel obstruction. Ann Surg . 1989; 210 216-219
39 Brolin R E. The role of gastrointestinal tube decompression in the treatment of mechanical intestinal obstruction. Am Surg . 1983; 49 131-137
40 Wolfson P J, Bauer J J, Gelernt I M. Use of the long tube in the management of patients with small-intestinal obstruction due to adhesions. Arch Surg . 1984; 120 1001-1006
41 Fleshner P R, Siegman M G, Slater G I. A prospective, randomized trial of short versus long tubes in adhesive small bowel obstruction. Am J Surg . 1995; 170 366-370
42 Brolin R E, Krasna M J, Mast B A. Use of tubes and radiographs in the management of small bowel obstruction. Ann Surg . 1987; 206 126-133
43 Gittes G K, Nelson M T, Debas H T, Mulvihill S J. Improvement in survival of mice with proximal small bowel obstruction treated with octreotide. Am J Surg . 1992; 163 231-233
44 Bastounis E, Hadjinikolaou L, Ioannou N. Somatostatin as adjuvant therapy in the management of obstructive ileus. Hepatogastroenterology . 1989; 36 538-539
45 Mangili G, Franchi M, Mariani A. Octreotide in the management of bowel obstruction in terminal ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol . 1996; 61 345-348
46 Fabri P J, Rosemurgy A. Reoperation for small intestinal obstruction. Surg Clin North Am . 1991; 71 131-146
47 Fevang B T, Fevang J, Stangeland L, Soreide O, Svanes K, Viste A. Complications and death after surgical treatment of small bowel obstruction. A 35-year institutional experience. Ann Surg . 2000; 231 529-537
48 Bizer L S, Liebling R W, Delany H M. Small bowel obstruction. The role of nonoperative treatment in simple intestinal obstruction and predictive criteria for strangulation obstruction. Surgery . 1981; 89 407-413
49 Shatila A H, Chamberlain B E, Webb W R. Current status of diagnosis and management of strangulation obstruction of the small bowel. Am J Surg . 1976; 132 299-303
50 Van der Krabben A A, Dijkstra F R, Nieuwenhuijzen M, Reijnen M P J M, Schaapveld M. Morbidity and mortality of inadvertent enterotomy during adhesiotomy. Br J Surg . 2000; 87 467-471
51 Fredell H C. Enterotomy during the surgical treatment of small bowel obstruction. Complicat Surg . 1994; 12 468-471
52 Bokey E L, Keating J P, Zelas P. Hydrodissection: an easy way to dissect anatomical planes and complex adhesions. Aust NZ J Surg . 1997; 67 643-644
53 Bulkley G, Zuidema G, Hamilton S. Intraoperative determination of small intestinal viability following ischemic injury. Ann Surg . 1981; 193 628-637
54 Horgan P G, Gorey T F. Operative assessment of intestinal viability. Surg Clin North Am . 1992; 72 143-155
55 Golub R, Golub R W, Cantu R, Stein H D. A multivariate analysis of factors contributing to leakage of intestinal anastomosis. J Am Coll Surg . 1997; 184 364-372
56 Reissman P, Wexner, S D. Laparoscopic surgery for intestinal obstruction. Surg Endosc . 1995; 9 865-868
57 Navez B, Arimont J M, Guiot P. Laparoscopic approach in acute small bowel obstruction. A review of 68 patients. Hepato-Gastroenterology . 1998; 45 2146-2150
58 Ibrahim I M, Wolodiger F, Sussman B, Kahn M, Silvestri F, Sabar A. Laparoscopic management of acute small-bowel obstruction. Surg Endosc . 1996; 10 1012-1015
59 Bailey I S, Rhodes M, O'Rourke N O, Nathanson L, Fielding G. Laparoscopic management of acute small bowel obstruction. Br J Surg . 1998; 85 84-87
60 Menzies D. Peritoneal adhesions. Incidence and cause and prevention. Ann Surg . 1992; 24 29-45
61 DeZerega G S. Contemporary adhesion prevention. Fertil Steril . 1994; 61 219-235
62 Noble T B. Plication of small intestine as prophylaxis against adhesions. Am J Surg . 1937; 35 41-44
63 Childs W A, Philips R B. Experience with interplication and a proposed modification. Am Surg . 1960; 152 258-265
64 McCarthy J D. Further experience with the Childs-Phillips plication operation. Am J Surg . 1975; 130 15-19
65 Baker J W. A long jejunostomy tube for decompressing intestinal obstruction. SGO . 1959; 109 519-520
66 Weigelt J A, Snyder W H, Norman J L. Complications and results of the 160 Baker tube plications. Am J Surg . 1980; 140 810-815
67 Close M B, Christensen N M. Transmesenteric small bowel plication or intraluminal tube stenting. Indications and contraindications. Am J Surg . 1979; 138 89-96
68 Nishimura K, Nakamura R M, diZerga G S. Ibuprofen inhibition of postsurgical adhesion formation: a time and dose response biochemical evaluation in rabbits. J Surg Res . 1984; 36 115-124
69 Becker J M, Beck D E, Dayton M T. Prevention of post-operative abdominal adhesions by a sodium hyaluronate based bioresorbable membrane: a prospective, randomized, double-blind multicenter study. J Am Coll Surg . 1996; 183 197-306
70 Muzii L, Marana R, Brunetti L, Margulti F, Vacca M, Mancuso S. Postoperative adhesion prevention with low-dose aspirin: effect through the selective inhibition of thromboxane production. Hum Repro . 1998; 13 1486-1489
71 James D CO, Ellis H, Hugh T B. The effect of streptokinase on experimental intraperitoneal adhesion formation. J Pathol Bacteriol . 1965; 90 279-287
72 Menzies D, Ellis H. Intraabdominal adhesions and their prevention by topical tissue plasminogen activator. JR Soc Med . 1989; 82 534-535
73 Nagler A, Riukind A I, Raphael J, Levi-Schaffer F, Genina O, Lavelin I, Pines M. Halofuginone-an inhibitor of collagen type I synthesis-prevents postoperative formation of abdominal adhesions. Ann Surg . 1998; 227 575-582
74 Beck D E. The role of Seprafilm bioresorbable membrane in adhesion prevention. Eur J Surg Suppl . 1997; 577 49-55
75 Lindenberg S, Lauritsen J G. Prevention of peritoneal adhesion formation by fibrin sealant. An experimental study in rats. Ann Chir Gynecol . 1984; 73 11-13
76 de Virgilio C, Elbassir M, Hidalgo A, Schaber B, French S, Amin S, Stabile B E. Fibrin glue reduces the severity of intra-abdominal adhesions in a rat model. Am J Surg . 1999; 178 577-580
77 Wiseman D M, Trout J R, Franklin R R, Diamond M P. Metaanalysis of the safety and efficacy of an adhesion barrier (Interceed TC7) in laparotomy. J Reprod Med . 1999; 44 325-331
78 The Surgical Membrane Study Group. Prophylaxis of pelvic sidewall adhesions with Gore-Tex surgical membrane: a multicenter clinical investigation. Fertil Steril . 1991; 57 921-923
79 Nagelschmidt M, Saad S. Influence of polyethylene glycol 4000 and dextran 70 on adhesion formation in rats. J Surg Res . 1997; 67 113-118
80 Wiseman D M, Trout J R, Diamond M P. The rates of adhesion development and the effects of crystalloid solutions on adhesion development in pelvic surgery. Fertil Steril . 1998; 70 702-711
81 Duffy D M, diZerega G S. Is peritoneal closure necessary?. Obstet Gynecol Surv . 1994; 49 817-822
82 Hunt T K, Slavin J P, Goodson W H. Starch powder contamination of surgical wounds. Arch Surg . 1994; 129 825-827
83 Hooker G D, Taylor B M, Driman D K. Prevention of adhesion formation with use of sodium hyaluronate based bioresorbable membrane in a rat model of ventral hernia repair with polypropylene mesh-a randomized, controlled study. Surg . 1995; 125 211-216