Zusammenfassung
Die präoperative Feinnadelbiopsie (FNB) und die intraoperative Schnellschnittuntersuchung
(SS) sollen helfen, die Dignität einer morphologischen Veränderung der Schilddrüse
zu klären. Wertigkeiten und Unsicherheiten beider Verfahren müssen bei der Planung
der Operation berücksichtigt werden. Von 7/96-6/00 wurden bei 82 Patienten sowohl
präoperativ eine FNB als auch intraoperativ eine SS durchgeführt. Die Sensitivität
beider Verfahren ist gering. In der FNB wurden lediglich 5/11 der Malignome (45,5
%) erkannt. Bei 22 suspekten Befunden (26,8 %) fanden sich 6 weitere Malignome in
der endgültigen Histologie. Lediglich eines dieser primär nicht erkannten Malignome
wurde intraoperativ in der SS identifiziert, während 5 Malignome als benigne beurteilt
wurden. Der positive Vorhersagewert eines Malignoms durch die FNB beträgt > 90 %.
Primär nicht erkannte Malignome können nur in Einzelfällen intraoperativ durch die
SS erfaßt werden. Eine routinemäßige Anwendung des SS zur Überprüfung des FNB-Ergebnisses
ist nicht zu empfehlen, kann dem Operateur aber Hinweise auf Tumorgröße, Lymphknotenstatus
und Dignität bisher nicht erfaßter Veränderungen der Schilddrüse geben. Das Operationsverfahren
der Wahl bei suspekten Schilddrüsenbefunden ist die Hemithyreoidektomie mit zentraler
Lymphknotendissektion, um das erhöhte Risko der Rekurrensparesen und Hypoparathyreoidismus
beim Rezidiveingriff zu vermeiden.
Summary
Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNB) and frozen section (FS) may help to validate
pre- and intraoperatively dignity of thyroid nodules. Credibility and clinical valuation
of both methods have to be taken into consideration of surgical treatment. Between
7/96 and 6/00 82 patients were operated for thyroid lesions using both diagnostic
methods to verify thyroid lesions. The sensitivity of both methods is low. With FNB
only 5/11 malignancies (45.5 %) were recognized. Within the group of “suspicious”
FNB findings (22/82; 26.8 %) definitive histology demonstrated another 6 carcinomas.
Only 1 of these initially not recognized carcinomas was verified by FS intraoperatively
whereas 5 carcinomas were judged to be benign lesions. Follicular carcinomas and follicular
variants of papillary carcinomas could not be assessed by FNB in 6/8 and by FS in
8/9 cases. Only very few malignancies, which are not found by FNB, can be verified
by FS. A routine use of intraoperative FS to verify FNB results is not justified,
but can give additional information about tumor size, lymph node status and extra-/intrathyroid
nodules, which are not examined by FNB preoperatively. Hemithyroidectomy with lymph
node dissection represents the operation of choice in cases with unclear FNB results
to avoid a second operation with increased risk of recurrent nerve palsy and hypoparathyroidism.
Schlüsselwörter
Schilddrüse - Diagnose - Feinnadelbiopsie - Schnellschnitt
Key words
Thyroid - Diagnosis - Fine needle aspiration biopsy - Frozen section
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