Die Bedeutung von Vitamin B₁₂ in der Schwangerschaft und daraus resultierende Empfehlungen für die Schwangerschaftsvorsorge

Zusammenfassung

Die Versorgung mit Vitamin B₁₂ in der Schwangerschaft gilt als unabhängiger Risikofaktor für die Entstehung von Neuralrohrdefekten. Ein Vitamin-B₁₂-Mangel wird bei etwa 5 % aller Schwangerschaften beobachtet. Nicht nur die Vitamin-B₁₂-Speicher, sondern auch die momentane Vitamin-B₁₂-Zufuhr ist für die fetale Versorgung von Bedeutung. Während der ersten Phase der Schwangerschaft besteht häufig eine anhaltende Übelkeit, die zu Erbrechen verbunden mit einem einseitigen oder verminderten Lebensmittelverzehr führt. Es kann zu besonderen Aversionen gegen Lebensmittel tierischen Ursprungs kommen, welche die wichtigsten Vitamin-B₁₂-Quellen darstellen. Aus diesem Grund benötigt die Vitamin-B₁₂-Versorgung von schwangeren Vegetarierinnen - insbesondere von Veganerinnen - besondere Aufmerksamkeit. Zur Vermeidung eines sekundären Folatmangels als Folge eines Vitamin-B₁₂-Mangels muss eine Supplementation mit Vitamin B₁₂ in Erwägung gezogen werden.

Abstract

Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency during pregnancy is an independent risk factor for neural tube defects and occurs in about 5 % of pregnancies. Both maternal vitamin B₁₂ stores and current intake are important to adequately supply the fetus. Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy can lead to reduced or monotonous food intake. Some women develop aversions, particularly to foods of animal origin, which are important sources of vitamin B_12. Pregnant vegetarians, particularly vegans, need increased attention concerning their vitamin B₁₂ supply. Supplementation should be considered to avoid secondary folate deficiency caused by a lack of vitamin B₁₂.

Schlüsselwörter

Schwangerschaft - Vitamin B₁₂ - Folsäure - Neuralrohrdefekte

Key words

Pregnancy - Vitamin B₁₂ - Folate - Neural tube defects

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