Seminars in Plastic Surgery, Table of Contents Semin Plast Surg 2002; 16(3): 273-282DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-34431 Copyright © 2002 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA. Tel.: +1(212) 584-4662 Palpebral Surgical Approaches for Orbital Fracture RepairCharles N.S. Soparkar1,2 , James R. Patrinely3 1Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 2Department of Plastic Surgery, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 3Departments of Ophthalmology and Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX Recommend Article Abstract Buy Article(opens in new window) ABSTRACT Numerous surgical approaches to the orbital floor exist. This article reviews the transconjunctival and transcutaneous options and details the relative contraindications of each. KEYWORDS Surgical approach - transconjunctival - transcutaneous - orbit Full Text References REFERENCES 1 Courtney D J, Thomas S, Whitford P H. Isolated orbital blowout fractures: survey and review. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg . 2000; 38 496-504 2 Converse J M. A randomized comparison of four incisions for orbital fractures (discussion). Plast Reconstr Surg . 1981; 67 736-737 3 Wolfe S A. Treatment of post-traumatic orbital deformities. Clin Plast Surg . 1988; 15 225-238 4 Rankow R M, Mignogna F V. Surgical treatment of orbital floor fractures. Arch Otolaryngol . 1975; 101 19-22 5 Werther J R. Cutaneous approaches to the lower lid and orbit. J Oral Maxillofac Surg . 1998; 56 60-65 6 Tessier P. The conjunctival approach to the orbital floor and maxilla in congenital malformation and trauma. J Maxillofac Surg . 1973; 1 3-8 7 Bourquet J. Les hernies graisseuses de l'orbite: notre traitement chirurgical. Bull Acad Med Paris . 1924; 92 1270-1272 8 Tenzel R R, Miller G R. Orbital blow-out fracture repair, conjunctival approach. Am J Ophthalmol . 1971; 71 1141-1142 9 Converse J M, Firmin F, Wood-Smith D, Friedland J A. The conjunctival approach in orbital fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1973; 52 656-657 10 Lynch D J, Lamp J C, Royster H P. The conjunctival approach for exploration of the orbital floor. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1974; 54 153-156 11 McCord Jr D C, Moses J L. Exposure of the inferior orbit with fornix incision and lateral canthotomy. Ophthal Surg . 1979; 10 53-63 12 Nunery W R. Lateral canthal approach to repair of trimalar fractures of the zygoma. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg . 1985; 1 175-183 13 Sherman L J, Meltzer M. Inferior fornix incision for orbital rim and floor fractures. Laryngoscope . 1986; 96 1164-1167 14 Shore J W. The fornix approach to the inferior orbit. Adv Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg . 1987; 6 377-385 15 Ilankovan V. Transconjunctival approach to the infraorbital region: a cadavaric and clinical study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg . 1991; 29 169-173 16 Waite P D, Carr D D. The transconjunctival approach for treating orbital trauma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg . 1991; 49 499-503 17 Wray R C, Holtmann B, Ribaudo J M, Keiter J, Weeks P M. A comparison of conjunctival and subciliary incisions for orbital fractures. Br J Plast Surg . 1977; 30 142-150 18 Holtmann B, Wray R C, Little A G. A randomized comparison of four incisions for orbital fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1981; 67 731-735 19 Popisil O A, Fernando T D. Review of the lower blepharoplasty incision as a surgical approach to zygomatic-orbital fractures. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg . 1984; 22 261-268 20 Appling W D, Patrinely J R, Salzer T A. Transconjunctival approach vs subciliary skin-muscle flap approach for orbital fracture repair. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1993; 119 1000-1007 21 Netcher D T, Patrinely J R, Peltier M, Polsen C, Thrornby J. Transconjunctival versus transcutaneous lower eyelid blepharoplasty: a prospective study. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1995; 96 1053-1060 22 Hawes M J, Dortzbach R K. The microscopic anatomy of the lower eyelid retractors. Arch Ophthalmol . 1982; 100 1313-1318 23 Rees T D, Dupis C C. Baggy eyelids in young adults. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1969; 43 381-387 24 Gioia V M, Linberg J V, McCormick S A. The anatomy of the lateral canthal tendon. Arch Ophthalmol . 1987; 105 529-532 25 Zingg M, Chowdhury K, Ladrach K, Vuillemin T, Sutter F, Raveh J. Treatment of 813 zygoma-lateral orbital complex fractures: new aspects. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1991; 117 611-620 26 Westfall C T, Shore J W, Nunery W R, Hawes M J, Yaremchuk M J. Operative complications of the transconjunctival inferior fornix approach. Ophthalmology . 1991; 98 1525-1528 27 Heckler F R, Songcharoen S, Sultani F A. Subcilliary incision and skin-muscle eyelid flap for orbital fractures. Ann Plast Surg . 1983; 10 309-313 28 Lacy M F, Pospisil D A. Lower blepharoplasty post-orbicularis approach to the orbit: a prospective study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg . 1987; 25 398-401 29 Patipa M. The evaluation and management of lower eyelid retraction following cosmetic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg . 2000; 106 438-453