Zusammenfassung
Degenerative Gelenkerkrankungen stehen im öffentlichen und medizinischen Interesse
und sind zudem wirtschaftlich bedeutsam. Dennoch sind wesentliche Zusammenhänge wie
der Einfluss sportlicher Aktivitäten derzeit nicht abschließend geklärt. Ein Grund
hierfür liegt in der multifaktoriellen Genese und in unterschiedlichen Behandlungs-
und Präventionskonzepten.
Grundsätzlich wird in Sportarten mit hohem Anteil an Rotations- und Scherkraftbeanspruchungen
bei gleichzeitig hochintensiver Belastung von einem gering erhöhten Arthroserisiko
ausgegangen. Allerdings resultiert eine Arthrose dabei häufig aus Verletzungen. Dagegen
scheinen moderate sportliche Belastungen nicht mit einem erhöhten Arthroserisiko einherzugehen.
Die Beurteilung hat dementsprechend auf der Basis der Sportart, der Trainingsintensität,
von Vorverletzungen und Vorschäden, der Körperkomposition und einer möglichen additiven
beruflichen Belastung zu erfolgen. Aus Sicht der Prävention und Rehabilitation von
degenerativen Gelenkerkrankungen hat der Sport dagegen eine gesteigerte Bedeutung.
Einerseits kann körperliche Aktivität degenerativen Gelenkerkrankungen vorbeugen,
andererseits konnte durch einen gezielten Einsatz sportlicher Belastungen eine positive
Wirkung in der Behandlung von Arthrosen belegt werden.
Abstract
Degenerative joint diseases are a matter of public and medical interest and are also
of economic importance. Nevertheless, essential relationships, like the influence
of athletic activities, have not yet been clarified. Reasons are the multifactorial
genesis and various treatment and prevention concepts. Basically, a slightly elevated
risk of OA is assumed in high-intensity sports with a high proportion of rotational
and shear forces, which is, however, closely tied to possible injuries. By contrast,
moderate athletic activity does not appear to be associated with an elevated OA risk.
The assessment must be made on the basis of the kind of sports activities, training
intensity, prior injuries and overuse, body composition, and possible additive occupational
stress. Sports activities are important for prevention of OA and for rehabilitation.
On the one hand, physical activity can prevent degenerative joint diseases, on the
other hand, differentiated application has been confirmed to be beneficial in the
treatment of OA.
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. Frank Mayer
Med. Klinik, Abteilung Rehabilitative und Präventive Sportmedizin, Universitätsklinik
Freiburg
Hugstetter Straße 55
79106 Freiburg
Email: mayer@msm1.ukl.uni-freiburg.de
