Zusammenfassung
Es ist allgemein akzeptiert, dass die Endometriose eine Östrogen-abhängige und chronisch-rezidivierende
Erkrankung ist. Ihre Ätiologie und Pathogenese sind letztendlich unbekannt. Es ist
jedoch wahrscheinlich, dass in vielen Fällen retrograd menstruierte Endometriumszellen
der Urprung der Endometrioseerkrankung sind. In dieser Arbeit diskutieren wir ein
Modell, nach dem die retrograd menstruierten Zellen ein Gemisch verschiedener Entwicklungsstadien
von Endometriumszellen darstellen, die zum Teil anhand von Markerproteinen wie z.
B. den Cadherinen (Zelladhäsionsproteine) oder Cytokeratin (Intermediärfilamentproteinen)
charakterisiert werden können. In Analogie zu bisherigen Erkenntnissen aus anderen
Zellsystemen postulieren wir, dass in diesem Zellgemisch auch Zellen mit Stammzellcharakter
bzw. Plastizität (d. h. Zellen, die noch Differenzierungspotenzial besitzen) vorhanden
sind. Auf der einen Seite können sich diese Zellen als Zellpopulation selbst erhalten,
auf der anderen Seite müssten diese Zellen mit Stammzellcharakter/Plastizität sich
in differenzierte Tochterzellen entwickeln und so neue Endometrioseherde bilden können.
Zellen unterschiedlicher Entwicklungsstadien befinden sich sowohl in tief infiltrierenden
Endometrioseherden (z. B. Darm) aber auch in Peritonealbiopsien. Demnach könnten
die Zellen mit dem postulierten Stammzellcharakter bzw. der Plastizität die rezidivierende
Ausgangszellpopulation der Endometriose sein.
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent and chronic disease with an unknown etiology
and pathogenesis. It is however likely and well accepted that retrograd menstruation
of endometrial cells into the pelvic cavity is the origin of this disease in many
cases. Here we discuss a model in which retrogradly menstruated endometrial cells
have different inherent developmental properties because they represent in fact a
mixture of different developmental cell stages. These stages can be distinguished
in part by the expression of marker proteins such as cytokeratin (intermediate filament
protein of epithial cells) or E-cadherin (intercellular adhesion protein of epithelial
cells and metastasis suppressor molecule). Cytokeratin-positive E-cadherin negative
cells, for example, would be less differentiated epithelial cells than cytokeratin-positive
E-cadherin positive cells. In analogy to findings in other cell systems we assume
that the cells which are undifferentiated or not fully differentiated still have
the potential to give rise to differentiated daughter cells and, on the other hand,
could be maintained as a pool of rather undifferentiated cells and capable of self
renewal. This feature would be similar to stem cells (SC) and cells with plasticity.
Interestingly we find epithelial cells of different developmental stages in deep
infiltrating (e. g. of colon) or peritoneal endometriotic lesions. Therefore we
conclude that less differentiated cells in retrogradly menstruated endometrial cell
populations possibly representing SC features or plasticity might be the cellular
source of primary endometriotic lesions and those present in lesions may contribute
to the persistence of the disease by detaching and forming secondary lesions.
Schlüsselwörter
Endometriose - Stammzellen - Plastizität - Stammzellerkrankung - epithelial-mesenchymale
Transition
Key words
Endometriosis - stem cells - plasticity - stem cell disease - epithelial mesenchymal
transition
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Prof. Dr. Anna Starzinski-Powitz
Humangenetik in der Biologie · Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität
Siesmayerstraße 70
60054 Frankfurt/a. M.
Phone: 0 69/79 82-47 69
Fax: 0 69/79 82-47 32
Email: starzinski-powitz@em.uni-frankfurt.de