Sport und das leichte Schädel-Hirn-Trauma

Zusammenfassung

Die Häufigkeit sportbedingter Schädel-Hirn-Traumen hängt von verschiedenen Faktoren ab: der Sportart, der Beliebtheit der Sportart in der Bevölkerung sowie den Regeln und Regelauslegungen. Schwere Schädel-Hirn-Traumen sind leicht zu diagnostizieren und das diagnostische sowie das therapeutische Vorgehen ist vorgegeben. Schwerer sind die Diagnose und das praktische Umgehen mit den viel häufigeren leichten Schädel-Hirn-Traumen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das leichte Schädel-Hirn-Trauma im Sport bezüglich des klinischen Bildes, der notwendigen Diagnostik sowie der Frage der Wiederaufnahme des Sportes dargestellt. Abschließend wird das Problem der Spätschäden nach leichten, rezidivierenden Schädel-Hirn-Traumen, einem eventuell genetischen Risikoprofil und mögliche biochemische Marker zur Diagnostik und Einschätzung des Risikos für den Sport diskutiert.

Abstract

The frequency of sport-related traumatic brain injuries depends upon various factors: the type of sport and popularity of the sport in the general population, as well as the rules and their interpretation. Severe traumatic brain injuries can easily be diagnosed and guidelines exist for both their diagnosis and therapy. Difficulties arise in the diagnosis and practical management of mild head injuries. The following article deals with clinical presentation, mandatory diagnostic measures and eventual resumption of the sport following head injury. Finally, the problem of residual neurological deficits following repeated mild head injury and the question of genetic risk profiles as well biological markers for the diagnosis and evaluation of sport hazards are discussed.

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