Kraniomandibuläre Dysfunktion: Review und Analyse

Zusammenfassung

Die kraniomandibuläre Dysfunktion (CMD) ist ein weitläufiger Begriff, der unterschiedliche intrakapsuläre und muskuläre Pathologien betrifft und in vielen Publikationen unzureichend definiert ist. Der Mangel an evidenzgestützten Studien fördert zusätzlich kontroverse Ansichten und erschwert das Verstehen der Ätiologie. Während die ätiologische Rolle der Okklusion nicht ausgeschlossen werden kann, liefern neue mikrobiologische Ätiologiemodelle weitere Ansätze, was die Entstehung der CMD anbelangt. Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert die aktuelle Literatur zum Thema der CMD. Abgehandelt werden Aspekte zu Ätiologie, Epidemiologie, Risiken und Verlauf von CMD, weiterhin Gelenkdegeneration, Kondylenresorption, der Stellenwert von Okklusion und okklusalen Interferenzen, die Problematik des Einschleifens, der kieferorthopädischen Therapie, Bruxismus, generalisierter Gelenkhypermobilität, Peitschenschlagtrauma, Psychiatrie, Differenzialdiagnosen, der Wert der klinischen Untersuchung im Vergleich zur Magnetresonanztomographie und Sonographie, sowie rezente Therapieansätze.

Abstract

Regarding intracapsular and myogenous pathologies, the heterogenous term craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD) is insufficiently defined in many publications. In addition, the lack of evidence-based studies contributes to the persisting contention in the pursuit of understanding the etiology. While the etiologic role of occlusion was not excluded, microbiologic models indicate new hints for the development of CMD. This article reviews and analyses recent literature on CMD in terms of etiology, epidemiology, risks, course of the disease, joint degeneration, condylar resorption, the relationship between CMD and occlusion, occlusal interferences, occlusal adjustment, orthodontic treatment, bruxism, generalized joint hypermobility, whiplash trauma, psychiatric aspects, differential diagnoses, the value of clinical examinations vs. magnetic resonance tomography and sonography as well as recent therapeutic concepts.

Kraniomandibuläre Dysfunktion - temporomandibuläre Dysfunktion - Kiefergelenk

Temporomandibular disorder - craniomandibular dysfunction - temporomandibular joint

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