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DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-819899
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Proteasen in Malignomen
Bedeutung für Pathogenese und mögliche therapeutische KonsequenzenProteases in malignant tumorsTheir significance for the pathogenesis and possible therapeutic applicationsPublication History
eingereicht: 26.6.2003
akzeptiert: 7.11.2003
Publication Date:
11 February 2004 (online)

Proteasen sind an einer Fülle von Stoffwechselvorgängen insbesondere bei Gerinnung, Entzündung, Entwicklung und Apoptose beteiligt. Auch bei zahlreichen Erkrankungen spielen sie in der Pathogenese eine entscheidende Rolle. So sind einige erbliche Erkrankungen bekannt, die auf erhöhter Proteaseaktivität beruhen. Am bekanntesten sind das Lungenemphysem (α-1-Antitrypsin-Inhibitor Defekt, 14) und das angioneurotische Ödem (C1-Esterase-Inhibitor Defekt, 4). Allerdings sind diese Erkrankungen eher selten. Wesentlich häufiger sind nicht erblich bedingte Veränderungen der Proteaseaktivität, beispielsweise bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen und bei Malignomen. Im Folgenden soll insbesondere auf die Rolle der Proteasen im Malignomgeschehen eingegangen werden. Die selektive Hemmung bestimmter Proteaseaktivitäten stellt prinzipiell eine Therapiemöglichkeit für Malignome dar. Leider haben derartige Therapieversuche bislang nicht den gewünschten Erfolg gebracht. Im Folgenden soll dargestellt werden, wo die Probleme und Chancen eines Eingriffs in das Proteasesystem bei Tumoren liegen.
Proteasen werden nach verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten eingeteilt: nach
Art der Spaltung im Protein (Abspaltung vom aminoterminalen oder vom carboxyterminalen Ende des Proteins), der topographischen Verteilung des Enzyms in der Zelle (im Zytosol, membranassoziiert oder in Lysosomen enthalten), dem aktiven Zentrum.
Letztere Einteilung ist im Hinblick auf Funktion und Inhibition der Proteasen besonders zweckmäßig und wird daher bevorzugt verwendet.
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Eleonore Fröhlich
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