Abstract
Aim: To study the effect of two different isoenergetic meals, one rich in carbohydrates
and one rich in fat, on plasma active ghrelin levels in lean or obese subjects. Methods:
Eight obese and eight lean women, strictly matched for age, were fed two isoenergetic
meals of different composition, one rich in fat and one rich in carbohydrates (CHO),
on separate days. Plasma active ghrelin levels were measured just before and at 1,
2 and 3 hours after meal consumption. Results: Overall, plasma active ghrelin levels
were significantly lower in the obese compared to the lean women (71.7 ± 29.7 vs.
222.2 ± 127.2 pmol/liter respectively, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, ghrelin levels decreased
significantly by 30 % from baseline values in the lean subjects in the first hour
after the CHO-rich meal (mean difference ± SD): - 66.2 ± 49.0 pmol/liter (p = 0.03),
returning to near-baseline levels by 2 hours, while no significant change was observed
in the obese subjects. After the fat-rich meal, active ghrelin levels did not change
significantly in either group (p > 0.05). Conclusions: A fat-rich meal does not suppress
plasma active ghrelin levels in either lean or obese women. Moreover, in obese, unlike
lean women, a high carbohydrate meal also fails to suppress plasma ghrelin levels,
which are already quite low. This suggests that ghrelin-induced satiety mechanisms
may be compromised in these subjects.
Key words
Neuropeptides - Postprandial - Feeding - Energy expenditure - Obesity
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