Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-865086
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Vorhofflimmern - Interventionelle Differentialtherapie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Lebensalters
Atrial fibrillation - interventional therapy with respect to agePublication History
eingereicht: 29.11.2004
akzeptiert: 3.2.2005
Publication Date:
18 March 2005 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Die aktuelle Therapie des Vorhofflimmerns erfordert eine grundlegende strategische Entscheidung: Entweder persistierendes Vorhofflimmern zu akzeptieren („Frequenzkontrolle”) oder aber soweit möglich Sinusrhythmus herzustellen und zu erhalten („Rhythmuskontrolle”). Zur Stabilisierung des Sinusrhythmus nach Kardioversion oder bei paroxysmalem Vorhofflimmern empfiehlt sich in erster Linie ein nach Maßgabe der kardialen Grunderkrankung dimensionierter Versuch der antiarrhythmischen Arzneimitteltherapie. Bei medikamentöser Therapieresistenz kommt die Anwendung alternativer invasiver Behandlungstrategien in Frage. Neben der präventiven Schrittmachertherapie sowie der pharmakologischen und ablativen Hybridtherapie stehen kathetergestützte Ablationstechniken mit linearen atrialen Läsionen oder Isolation von Pulmonalvenenarealen bei fokal induziertem Vorhofflimmern zur Verfügung. Diese interventionellen Verfahren sollten aufgrund ihrer begrenzten Effektivität und möglicher Komplikationen dem symptomatischen Patienten mit hohem Leidensdruck vorbehalten bleiben. Beim älteren Patienten wird aufgrund seines höheren Substratanteils an der Vorhofflimmerarrhythmie erst dann eine linksatriale Vorhofflimmerablation in Frage kommen, wenn neben der Triggerelimination die Mitbehandlung des Substrates einen etablierten Stellenwert erlangt hat. Die Durchführung einer pharmakologischen und ablativen Hybridtherapie mit Ablation des kavotrikuspidalen Isthmus ist dagegen auch in höherem Patientenalter eine gut praktikable Therapieform.
Summary
Actual therapy of atrial fibrillation follows either the rate or rhythm control strategy. To stabilize sinus rhythm after cardioversion or in case of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, medical treatment is currently first line therapy. In patients who develop drug-refractory atrial fibrillation, further invasive treatment modalities like preventive pacing, hybrid therapy or catheter-based ablation techniques including pulmonary vein ablation or linear atrial lesion are available. However, interventional atrial fibrillation therapy should be reserved for the highly symptomatic patient due to its limited efficacy and risk of complication. Due to the higher relevance of the AF substrate in elderly patients, ablation therapy will be of limited use until substrate modification in addition to trigger elimination will reach an established stage as a clinical procedure. Hybrid therapy however, with ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus is as suitable in elderly patients as in the young or middle-aged.
Literatur
- 1
Bielik H, Yang A, Schwab J O. et al .
Klinische Ergebnisse der Katheterablation von Antiarrhythmika-induziertem Vorhofflattern
bei Patienten mit rekurrierendem Vorhofflimmern.
Herzschr Elektrophys.
2003;
14
8-14
MissingFormLabel
- 2
Chen S A, Hsieh M H, Tai C T. et al .
Initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating from the pulmonary
veins. Electrophysiological characteristics, pharmacological responses, and effects
of radiofrequency ablation.
Circulation.
1999;
100
1879-1886
MissingFormLabel
- 3
Deisenhofer I, Schneider M A, Bohlen-Knauf M. et al .
Circumferential mapping and electric isolation of pulmonary veins in patients with
atrial fibrillation.
Am J Cardiol.
2003;
91
159-163
MissingFormLabel
- 4
Fang M C, Chang Y, Hylek E M, Rosand J, Greenberg S M, Go A S, Singer D E.
Advanced age, anticoagulation intensity, and risk for intracranial hemorrhage among
patients taking warfarin for atrial fibrillation.
Ann Intern Med.
2004;
141
745-752
MissingFormLabel
- 5
Haissaguerre M, Jais P, Shah D. et al .
Spontaneous Initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the
pulmonary veins.
N Engl J Med.
1998;
339
659-666
MissingFormLabel
- 6
Huang D T, Monahah K M, Zimetbaum P. et al .
Hybrid pharmacological and ablative therapy: a novel and effective approach for the
management of atrial fibrillation.
J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol.
1998;
9
462-469
MissingFormLabel
- 7
Lewalter Th, Lüderitz B.
Arzneimitteltherapie der Herzrhythmusstörungen.
Internist.
2000;
41
S22-S33
MissingFormLabel
- 8
Lewalter T, Yang A, Schwab J O. et al .
Hybridtherapie des Vorhofflimmerns - eine neue therapeutische Alternative.
Dtsch Ärztebl.
2003;
100/36
C1821-1824
MissingFormLabel
- 9 Lüderitz B. Herzrhythmusstörungen. 5. Aufl Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo 1998
MissingFormLabel
- 10
Moe G, Abildskov J A.
Atrial fibrillation as a self-sustaining arrhythmia independent of focal discharge.
Am Heart J.
1959;
58
59-70
MissingFormLabel
- 11
Morady F.
Radiofrequency catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias.
N Engl J Med.
1999;
340
534-544
MissingFormLabel
- 12
Nabar A, Rodriguez L M, Timmermans C, Smeets J L, Wellens H J.
Radiofrequency ablation of „class IC atrial flutter” in patients with resistant atrial
fibrillation.
Am J Cardiol.
1999;
83
785-787
MissingFormLabel
- 13
Nabar A, Rodriguez L M, Timmermans C, Mechelen R, Wellens H JJ.
Class IC antiarrhythmic drug induced atrial flutter: electrocardiographic and electrophysiological
findings and their importance for long-term outcome after right atrial isthmus ablation.
Heart.
2001;
85
424-429
MissingFormLabel
- 14
Oral H, Scharf C, Chugh A. et al .
Catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: segmental pulmonary vein ostial
ablation versus left atrial ablation.
Circulation.
2003;
108
2355-2360
MissingFormLabel
- 15
Pappone C, Oreto G, Lamberti F. et al .
Catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation using a 3D mapping system.
Circulation.
1999;
100
1203-1208
MissingFormLabel
- 16
Pappone C, Oreto G, Rosanio S. et al .
Atrial electroanatomical remodeling after circumferential radiofrequency pulmonary
vein ablation: efficacy of an anatomic approach in a large cohort of patients with
atrial fibrillation.
Circulation.
2001;
104
2539-2544
MissingFormLabel
- 17
Pappone C, Oral H, Santinelli V. et al .
Atrio-esophageal fistula as a complication of percutaneous transcatheter ablation
of atrial fibrillation.
Circulation.
2004;
109
2724-2726
MissingFormLabel
- 18
Ouyang F, Bänsch D, Ernst S, Schaumann A, Hachiya H, Chen M, Chun J, Falk O, Antz M, Kuck K H.
Complete isolation of left atrium surrounding the pulmonary veins: new insights from
the double-Lasso technique in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
Circulation.
2004;
110
2090-2096
MissingFormLabel
- 19
Reithmann C, Hoffmann E, Spitzberger G. et al .
Catheter ablation of atrial flutter due to amiodarone therapy for paroxysmal atrial
fibrillation.
Eur Heart J.
2000;
21
565-572
MissingFormLabel
- 20
Scanavacca M I, DŽAvila A, Parga J, Sosa E.
Left atrial-esophageal fistula following radiofrequency catheter ablation fibrillation.
J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol.
2004;
15
960-962
MissingFormLabel
- 21
Schumacher B, Jung W, Lewalter T, Vahlhaus C, Wolpert C, Lüderitz B.
Radiofrequency ablation of atrial flutter due to administration of Class IC antiarrythmic
drugs for atrial fibrillation.
Am J Cardiol.
1999;
83
710-713
MissingFormLabel
- 22
Stabile G, Simone A, Turco P. et al .
Response to flecainide infusion predictors long-term success of hybrid pharmacologic
and ablation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation.
J Am Coll Cardiol.
2001;
37
1639-1644
MissingFormLabel
- 23
Tai C T, Ching C E, Lee S H. et al .
Persistent atrial flutter in patients treated for atrial fibrillation with amiodarone
and propafenone: electrophysiologic characteristics, radiofrequency catheter ablation,
and risk prediction.
J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol.
1999;
10
1180-1187
MissingFormLabel
- 24
The Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management .
New Engl J Med.
2002;
347
1825-1833
MissingFormLabel
- 25
Yu W C, Hsu T L, Cheng H C. et al .
Focal stenosis of pulmonary vein after application of radiofrequency energy in patients
with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
PACE.
1999;
22
712
MissingFormLabel
- 26
ACC/AHA/ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation .
Executive Summary.
Circulation.
2001;
104
2118-2150
MissingFormLabel
Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Thorsten Lewalter
Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn
Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25
53105 Bonn
Phone: 0228/2875507
Fax: 0228/2874983
Email: th.lewalter@uni-bonn.de