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Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2006; 74(8): 449-468
DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-915626
Originalarbeit
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Das Arbeitsgedächtniskonzept in der Schizophrenie: Überblick und Ausblick

The Concept of Working Memory in Schizophrenia: Current Evidence and Future PerspectivesR.  C.  Wolf1 , N.  Vasic1 , H.  Walter2
  • 1Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik III, Universität Ulm (Ärztlicher Direktor: Prof. Dr. med. Dr. phil. M. Spitzer)
  • 2Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt
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Publication History

Publication Date:
02 January 2006 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Defizite im Arbeitsgedächtnis (AG) gelten als wesentliches neuropsychologisches Merkmal von Kognitionsstörungen in der Schizophrenie. Als psychologisches Modell bietet das AG einen theoretischen und empirischen Rahmen zur Erforschung von Wahrnehmungs- und Aufmerksamkeitsstörungen sowie von Störungen höherer kognitiver Prozesse bei Patienten mit einer Schizophrenie. Auf theoretischer Ebene lassen sich psychopathologische Phänomene in einen AG-Kontext integrieren und experimentell überprüfen. Nicht zuletzt wegen seiner Verbindung zur Funktion des lateralen präfrontalen Kortex ist das AG ein Schwerpunkt der neurokognitiven Forschung zur Schizophrenie. Das vermehrte Aufkommen bildgebender Verfahren, etwa der funktionellen Magnetresonanztomographie (fMRT), hat zusätzlich dazu beigetragen, neurobiologische AG-Modelle zu generieren. Dabei kommt dem präfrontalen Kortex eine besondere Bedeutung als spezifisches neuroanatomisches Korrelat von AG-Dysfunktionen in der Schizophrenie zu. In dieser Übersicht sollen nebst einem kurzen theoretischen Überblick über das AG-Konzept und dessen Bedeutung in der kognitiven Psychologie aktuelle Evidenz zur AG-Dysfunktion in der Schizophrenie sowie Ergebnisse funktionell bildgebender Arbeiten dargestellt werden.

Abstract

Working memory (WM) deficits are core symptoms of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. The psychological concept of WM offers a theoretical and empirical framework for the investigation of perceptual and attentional dysfunction as well as of deficits of higher cognitive functions in schizophrenia. From a theoretical perspective, schizophrenic psychopathology and cognitive dysfunction can be both integrated and experimentally validated within the concept of WM-impairment. In the last years investigation of WM has been a major issue in neuropsychiatric research, not least because of the association of prefrontal cortex and WM-function. The advent of functional imaging techniques, e. g. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) has additionally contributed in generating neurobiological WM-models. Regarding the neuronal basis of WM-deficits in schizophrenia, prefrontal cortex dysfunction has been of major interest. This review provides a short overview on the concept of WM and its relevance for cognitive psychology, discussing both recent behavioral and functional neuroimaging evidence on WM-dysfunction in schizophrenia.

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Dr. Robert Christian Wolf

Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik III · Universität Ulm

Leimgrubenweg 12-14

89075 Ulm

Email: christian.wolf@uni-ulm.de

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