Zusammenfassung
Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine Zusammenfassung wichtiger Untersuchungen zu intensivmedizinischen
Fragestellungen, die in intensivmedizinischen oder chirurgischen Fachzeitschriften
im Jahr 2005 publiziert worden sind. Hierbei wurden ausschließlich klinische Untersuchungen
berücksichtigt, überwiegend Metaanalysen und randomisierte Studien sowie einzelne
besonders wichtige oder interessante Beobachtungsstudien. Neben der Darstellung der
wichtigsten Ergebnisse wurde auch eine Bewertung versucht, die jedoch nicht umfassend
und vollständig sein kann, sondern als Denkanstoß für die kritische Würdigung durch
den Leser gedacht ist. Zu den wichtigen übergeordneten Themen gehörten die Veröffentlichung
der neuen Reanimationsleitlinien der American Heart Association und des European Resuscitation
Council und zweifellos der neu entwickelte SAPS-III-Score zur verbesserten und an
die aktuellen Rahmenbedingungen angepassten Prognoseabschätzung bei Intensivpatienten.
Wie auch in den letzten Jahren widmeten sich einige randomisierte Studien und Metaanalysen
der medikamentösen Sepsisbehandlung. Wichtige und klinisch relevante neue Erkenntnisse
wurden zur Rolle und Effektivität des „open lung”-Konzepts, der nichtinvasiven Beatmung,
der Anwendung von Beatmungsfiltern anstelle einer aktiven Befeuchtung und von geschlossenen
Absaugsystemen gewonnen. Der Stellenwert der Immunnutrition bei Erwachsenen und Kindern
sowie der frühen enteralen im Vergleich zur parenteralen Ernährung kann jetzt noch
besser charakterisiert werden. Die Rolle von Kortison zur Therapie des Schädel-Hirn-Traumas
scheint abschließend geklärt zu sein. Zum Management von MRSA-Patienten gab es interessante
neue Aspekte. Nicht zuletzt zeigte eine Studie eindrucksvoll, dass es nicht nur auf
die Anwendung der neusten Therapien ankommt, sondern in erheblichem Maße auf eine
stringente Umsetzung des bereits Bekannten, um die Behandlungsergebnisse verbessern
zu können.
Abstract
This manuscript gives a review about important studies addressing problems in intensive
care medicine that have been published in journals focussing on critical care medicine
and surgery in 2005. Only clinical studies are included in this review, mostly metaanalyses,
randomized controlled trials and a few important or interesting observational studies.
In addition to describing major results a critical appraisal of each study is undertaken,
which, however, is neither comprehensive nor complete. It is merely intended to address
some important aspects for the reader who should be stimulated to go deeper into one
or the other topic or study. The publication of the new CPR-guidelines of the American
Heart Association and the European Resuscitation Council as well as the newly developed
SAPS III score to predict intensive care unit outcome are among the outstanding topics.
Several randomized trials and metaanalyses deal with aspects of drug therapy of septic
patients. Some important and relevant findings have been reported with respect to
the efficiency of the open-lung concept, non-invasive ventilation, the use of heat
and moisture exchanger filters compared to active humidifiers and of closed systems
for endotracheal suctioning. The role of immunonutrition in adults and children as
well as of early enteral nutrition can be defined more clearly. Whether corticosteroids
should be used in the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury can be definitely
answered now. There are some new insights reported into the management of patients
infected or contaminated with MRSA in the intensive care unit. Last but not least
an impressive study shows that not only the newest therapeutic developments but the
stringent use of the already known treatment options may result in dramatic improvements
of patient outcome.
Schlüsselwörter
Intensivmedizin - klinische Studien - randomisierte Studien - Metaanalysen
Key words
intensive care medicine - critical care - clinical trials - randomized trials - metaanalysis
- outcome
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Prof. Dr. med. Christian Waydhas
Klinik für Unfallchirurgie · Universitätsklinikum Essen
Hufelandstr. 55
45147 Essen
Phone: 02 10/7 23 13 02
Fax: 02 01/7 23 59 36
Email: christian.waydhas@uni-essen.de