ABSTRACT
Supervision has always been a key component of audiologic training, but little consideration
has been given to the student as learner during the supervision process. Since audiology
graduate students are by definition adult learners, generally known by their self-actualizing
and independent nature, supervisors should consider the literature in adult learning
as they develop students' clinical skills. This article will describe Malcolm Knowles's
theory of adult education (or andragogy) and the concept of self-directed learning,
derived from the adult education literature. These concepts will be applied to the
clinical supervision process in audiology.
KEYWORDS
Adult learning - andragogy - clinical supervision
REFERENCES
- 1 Anderson J L. The Supervisory Process in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology. Boston,
MA; College-Hill Publication 1988
- 2 Knowles M S. The Adult Learner: A Neglected Species. Houston, TX; Gulf 1990
- 3 Knowles M S. The Modern Practice of Adult Education: Andragogy versus Pedagogy. New
York, NY; Association Press 1980
- 4 Elias J L, Merriam S. Philosophical Foundations of Adult Education. Malabar, FL;
Krieger 1980
- 5
McWhinney W.
Education for the third quarter of life.
The Journal of Continuing Higher Education.
1990;
38
14-20
- 6
Cavaliere L A, Sgroi A.
Learning for personal development.
N Dir Adult Contin Educ.
1992;
53
6-8
73
75
- 7 Rogers C R. Freedom to Learn. Columbus, OH; Merrill 1969
- 8
Knowles M S.
Andragogy: adult learning theory in perspective.
Community College Review.
1978;
5
54
- 9 Brookfield S D. Understanding and facilitating adult learning. San Francisco, CA;
Jossey-Bass 1986
- 10 Suanmali C. The Core Concepts of Andragogy [dissertation]. New York, NY; Teachers
College, Columbia University 1981
- 11
Mezirow J.
Perspective transformation.
Adult Educ.
1978;
28
100-119
- 12 Shapiro D. An Experimental and Descriptive Analysis of Supervisees' Commitments
and Follow-Through Behaviors as One Measure of Supervisory Effectiveness in Speech-Language
Pathology and Audiology [dissertation]. Bloomington, IN; Indiana University 1994
- 13 Gessner R The Democratic Man: Selected Writings of Edward C Lindeman. Boston, MA;
Beacon 1956
- 14 McCrea E S, Brasseur J A. The Supervisory Process in Speech-Language Pathology
and Audiology. Boston, MA; Allyn & Bacon 2003
- 15
Chesbro S B, Davis L A.
Applying Knowles' model of andragogy to individualized osteoporosis education.
Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy.
2002;
25
8-11
Paul M Brueggeman
Au.D., 414 E. Clark St
Department of Communication Disorders, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD
57069
Email: pbruegge@usd.edu