Kernaussagen
Bei Diabetikern ist das Risiko einer KHK mit ihren Folgen einer instabilen Angina
pectoris und eines akuten Myokardinfarkts erhöht.
Diabetiker weisen eine erhöhte Komplikationsrate und Hospitalsterblichkeit bei
Vorliegen eines akuten Myokardinfarktes auf.
Die KHK bei Diabetikern zeigt bevorzugt proximale Läsionen bei gleichzeitig diffusem
distalem Befall.
Die klinische Präsentation der KHK bei diesen Patienten ist oft atypisch.
Das erhöhte kardiovaskuläre Risiko erklärt sich unter anderem durch die Assoziation
mit anderen kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren wie arterielle Hypertonie, Dyslipidämie,
proinflammatorischer Status und endotheliale Dysfunktion sowie Alteration der
Thrombozytenfunktion. Dieses Cluster an Risikofaktoren wird vor allem bei einer
Insulinresistenz gefunden.
Zur nichtinvasiven Diagnostik der KHK bei Diabetikern stehen die gleichen diagnostischen
Möglichkeiten wie beim Nichtdiabetiker zur Verfügung: Belastungs-EKG, Echokardiographie,
Stressechokardiographie und Myokardszintigraphie.
In der medikamentösen Therapie zur Modulation des kardiovaskulären Risikos bei
Diabetikern ist eine kombinierte Therapie der Hyperglykämie, Dyslipoproteinämie
und der arteriellen Hypertonie und sowie eine Thrombozytenaggregation erforderlich.
Ein kombinierter Therapieansatz mit strenger Einstellung der Lipide und des Blutdrucks,
der Gabe von Aspirin und der zusätzlichen Applikation von ACE-Hemmern oder AT-I-Rezeptorantagonisten
können das Risiko makrovaskulärer Ereignisse bei Typ-2-Diabetikern nachhaltig
reduzieren.
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Prof. Dr. Nikolaus Marx
Abteilung für Innere Medizin II
Medizinische Universitätsklinik Ulm
Robert Koch-Straße 8
89081 Ulm
Email: nikolaus.marx@uniklinik-ulm.de