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DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-949183
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Pathophysiologie des Vorhofflimmerns: Bedeutung des Renin-Angiotensin-Systems
Pathophysiology of atrial fibrillations: importance of the renin-angiotensin systemPublication History
eingereicht: 28.4.2006
akzeptiert: 20.7.2006
Publication Date:
08 November 2006 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Für die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von Vorhofflimmern werden sowohl Störungen bei der Induktion als auch bei der gerichteten Ausbreitung elektrischer Impulse (Konduktion) verantwortlich gemacht. Schlüsselmechanismen sind die Verkürzung des Aktionspotentials und die Anisotropie der Erregungsweiterleitung, was besonders bei großem Vorhof prädisponierend für die Entstehung einer kreisenden Erregung (Reentry) ist. Beteiligte Faktoren auf mikro- und makroskopischer Ebene sind die Statusänderung von Ionenkanälen und der Verlust vorhofspezifischer Transportproteine sowie die Fibrosierung und mechanische Dehnung der Vorhöfe. Übereinstimmende Daten experimenteller und klinischer Untersuchungen lassen eine multimodale Beteilung des Renin-Angiotensin-Systems an der Entstehung von Vorhofflimmern plausibel erscheinen. Umgekehrt deutet vieles darauf hin, dass Vorhofflimmern ein sich selbst unterhaltender Prozess ist, da durch die Persistenz der Arrhythmie funktionelle und strukturelle Veränderungen induziert und die Aktivität des Renin-Angiotensin-Systems angeregt werden.
Summary
Disorders of impulse induction and abnormal spread of the electrical impulse (conduction) have both been held responsible for the development and persistence of atrial fibrillation (AF). Shortening of the action potential and anisotropy of the spread of the excitation are the key mechanisms. This is of special importance for the formation of circular re-entry. Status changes of ion channels and the loss of atrium-specific transport proteins as well as fibrosis and mechanical stretching of the atria are the factors involved on a micro- and macroscopic level. Similar results of experimental and clinical studies make it seem plausible that the renin-angiotensin system is involved in a multimodal manner. Conversely, there are many pointers to AF being a self-perpetuating process because persistence of the arrhythmia induces functional and structural changes and stimulates the activity of the renin-angiotensin system.
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Prof. Dr. Rainer Schulz
Universitätsklinikum Essen, Institut für Pathophysiologie
Hufelandstraße 55
45122 Essen