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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1016442
Asthmatherapie im Hochgebirgsklima
Effects of High Altitude on Bronchial AsthmaPublication History
Publication Date:
05 March 2008 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Patienten mit Asthma bronchiale wird seit Jahrzehnten ein Aufenthalt im Hochgebirge (> 1500 m über NN) empfohlen. In diesem Beitrag werden die publizierten Studien zur Wirkung des Hochgebirgsklimas bei jugendlichen und erwachsenen Patienten mit Asthma zusammengestellt. Die Datenlage spricht dafür, dass durch einen Aufenthalt in Hochgebirgskliniken ein zusätzlicher Effekt zur medikamentösen Therapie im Flachland erreicht werden kann. Allerdings sind die Studien überwiegend unkontrolliert und an kleinen Fallzahlen durchgeführt worden. Übereinstimmend zeigen diese Studien eine Besserung der Symptomatik, eine Reduktion des Medikamentenverbrauchs, insbesondere von Kortikosteroiden, sowie eine Besserung von Lungenfunktion, bronchialer Hyperreagibilität und anderen Kriterien der Atemwegsentzündung (Stickoxid-Exhalation, Eosinophilie). Eine Verringerung der bei allergischem Asthma erhöhten Aktivität von B- (Reduktion des milbenspezifischen Immunglobulin E) und T-Helfer-Lymphozyten weisen auf immunregulierende Wirkungen eines Hochgebirgsaufenthaltes hin. Auch bei nicht-allergischem Asthma ist ein Rückgang der Atemwegsentzündung gezeigt worden, so dass wahrscheinlich nicht die Allergenarmut allein, sondern andere Faktoren wie erhöhte UV-Lichtexposition, Schadstoffarmut und Lufttrockenheit zu den günstigen Wirkungen des Hochgebirgsaufenthaltes bei Asthma beitragen. Es sollten größere kontrollierte Studien durchgeführt werden, um die Hinweise auf eine günstige Wirkung des Hochgebirgsklimas bei Asthma zu bestätigen.
Abstract
Sojourns in the high mountains have been recommended to patients with asthma for many decades. It is the aim of this contribution to summarise the published studies about the effects of a stay at > 1500 m above sea level on asthmatic patients. These data from 428 adolescent and adult patients indicate an improvement of asthma symptoms and lung function during sojourns at high altitude. In many patients a reduction of the steroid therapy was achievable. Profound changes in the immune system have been demonstrated at high altitude, with a reduction of B- and T-helper cell activation. Total and mite-specific immunoglobulin E antibodies decrease significantly during longer sojourns. These changes are associated with a reduction of airway inflammation (e. g., reduction of eosinophil activation, NO exhalation and bronchial hyper-responsiveness). The fact that also patients with non-allergic asthma demonstrate a reduction of their airway inflammation at high altitude suggests that the high altitude climate has beneficial effects on asthma beyond the effects of allergen avoidance. High UV exposure and low humidity could be important additional factors, to explain the reductions in asthma severity in the high mountain climate. Larger controlled studies should be performed to prove the positive effects of the high altitude climate on asthma.
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Prof. Dr. med. G. Schultze-Werninghaus
Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Zentrum der Inneren
Medizin, Medizinische Klinik III, Pneumologie, Allergologie, Schlaf- und Beatmungsmedizin
Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1
44789 Bochum
Email: gerhard.schultze-werninghaus@rub.de