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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-959293
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Das „Broken Heart”-Syndrom - Ein seltenes klinisches Phänomen
Eine FallserieThe „Broken Heart” Syndrome - A rare clinical phenomenonPublication History
eingereicht: 17.7.2006
akzeptiert: 5.10.2006
Publication Date:
12 January 2007 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Das „Broken Heart”-Syndrom (oder Takotsubo-Syndrom) beschreibt eine klinische Rarität, die ohne Koronarpathologie zu einem „akuten Koronarsyndrom” oder genauer zu Kardiomyozytennekrosen führt. Als Ursache wird plötzlicher emotionaler Stress mit hoher Katecholaminausschüttung und extremer Nachlaststeigerung für den linken Ventrikel diskutiert. Das Phänomen wird in einer retrospektiven Analyse an sechs Patienten dargestellt und erklärt.
Patienten und Methodik: In unserer Datenbank von > 1000 Infarktpatienten konnten sechs weibliche Patienten identifiziert werden, die (1) akuten retrosternalen Thoraxschmerz mit (2) typischen elektrokardiographischen Infarktzeichen bei angiographischem Ausschluss von Koronarveränderungen, aber (3) ausgeprägte regionale Kinetikstörungen des Myokards aufwiesen, und deren Beschwerden (4) zeitnah mit starkem emotionalen Stress auftraten.
Ergebnisse: Die ICD-10-Diagnose aller sechs Patienten lautete „akutes Koronarsyndrom”. Alle Patienten überlebten und wurden nach Diagnostik innerhalb von 4 ± 2 Tagen entlassen. Unter medikamentöser Therapie normalisierte sich die linksventrikuläre EF auf 60 ± 11 %; (P = 0,03) im weiteren Verlauf. Alle betroffenen Patienten waren Frauen im postmenopausalen Alter.
Folgerungen: Das „Broken Heart”-Syndrom ist eine passagere Störung der myokardialen Pumpfunktion, die durch emotionalen Stress hervorgerufen wird und klinisch als akutes Koronarsyndrom (mit Kardiomyozytennekrosen) imponiert. Auffällig ist eine Häufung bei Frauen im postmenopausalem Alter und eine gute mittelfristige Prognose.
Summary
Background and objective: A clinical entity that mimics acute coronary syndrome with reversible left ventricular systolic dysfunction and is triggered by emotional stress was identified in 6 patients by screening a database of > 1000 patients with the ICD-10 coding of acute coronary syndrome. The search criteria were acute coronary syndrome, normal coronary anatomy, absence of coronary lesions and transient left ventricular dysfunction, triggered by emotional stress.
Patients and methods: We analyzed 6 patients, who fulfilled the criteria of (1) acute substernal chest pain with ST-segment elevation and/or T-wave inversion; (2) absence of significant coronary arterial narrowing on angiography, (3) systolic dysfunction with abnormal regional wall motion („apical ballooning”) in the context of (4) severe psychological stress immediately before and triggering the cardiac events.
Results: The primary diagnosis for all 6 acutely ill patients accorded with the ICD-code of acute coronary syndrome. All patients had survived and eventually recovered with an LV ejection fraction of 60 ± 5 %; p = 0,03 and had had recovered normal levels of physical activity at hospital discharge. Of note is the number of women of postmenopausal age.
Conclusions: A transient cardiomyopathy triggered by major emotional stress may mimic an acute coronary syndrome but without significant coronary artery disease. This condition is characterized by reversible cardiac dysfunctionand may be more frequent in women. It has a favorable clinical outcome.
Schlüsselwörter
„Broken Heart”-Syndrom - Akutes Koronarsyndom - Emotionaler Stress
Key words
„Broken Heart” syndrome - acute coronary syndrome - emotional stress
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Prof. Dr. med. Christoph A. Nienaber
Universität Rostock, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin, Abteilung Kardiologie
Ernst-Heydemannstraße 6
18055 Rostock
Phone: ++49/381/4947701
Fax: ++49/381/4947702
Email: christoph.nienaber@med.uni-rostock.de