Preoperative Assessment of the Eye and Periocular Region

ABSTRACT

Proper preoperative assessment of the eye and periocular region is essential to verify ocular health and vision and to obtain an optimal surgical result. A systematic approach to reviewing the ocular history, review of systems, and pertinent physical exam will be discussed. This is important to identify not only underlying ocular conditions but also potentially serious systemic conditions with ocular manifestations that can impact the patient's overall health. A thorough exam by a qualified provider is needed if there are any management issues regarding the presence of a condition(s) that can impact the surgical outcome.

Preop - preoperative - eye - plastic - ophthalmic - vision safety - medical - periocular - eyelids - orbit - periorbital surgery - ocular

REFERENCES

• 1 DeMere M, Wood T, Austin W. Eye complications with blepharoplasty or other eyelid surgery. A national survey.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 1974;  53 634-637
• 2 Hass A N, Penne R B, Stefanyszyn M A, Flanagan J C. Incidence of postblepharoplasty orbital hemorrhage and associated visual loss.  , Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2004;20:426-432. Erratum in Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;  21 169
• 3 Burroughs J R, Patrinely J R, Nugent J S, Soparkar C N, Anderson R L, Pennington J H. Cold urticaria: an under-recognized cause of postsurgical periorbital swelling.  Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;  21 327-330
• 4 Moser M H, DiPirro E, McCoy F J. Sudden blindness following blepharoplasty. Report of seven cases.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 1973;  51 364-370
• 5 Mazow M L, Avilla C W, Morales H J. Restrictive horizontal strabismus following blepharoplasty.  Am J Ophthalmol. 2006;  141 773-774
• 6 Putterman A M. Evaluation of the cosmetic oculoplastic surgery patient. In: Putterman AM Cosmetic Oculoplastic Surgery. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA; WB Saunders 1999: 12
• 7 Hornblass A, Eviater J A. Patient selection for cosmetic oculoplastic surgery. In: Putterman AM Cosmetic Oculoplastic Surgery. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA; WB Saunders 1999: 26
• 8 Furnas D W. Festoons of orbicularis muscle as a cause of baggy eyelids.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 1978;  61 540-546
• 9 Hirst L W, Werblin T, Novak M et al.. Drug induced cicatrizing conjunctivitis simulating ocular pemphigoid.  Cornea. 1982;  1 121-128
• 10 Foster C S. Immunologic disorders of the conjunctiva, cornea, and sclera. In: Jakobiec FA, Albert DM, Azar DT, Gragoudas ES, Power SM, Robinson NL Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA; WB Saunders 1999: 803-829
• 11 Classification and management of eyelid disorders. In: American Academy of Ophthalmology Basic and Clinical Science Course, Section 7, 2003-2004. San Francisco, CA; American Academy of Ophthalmology 2003: 149
• 12 Graham R, McKee P, McGibbon D, Heyderman E. Torre-Muir syndrome. An association with isolated sebaceous carcinoma.  Cancer. 1985;  55 2868-2873
• 13 Schwartz R A, Torre D P. The Muir-Torre syndrome: a 25-year retrospect.  J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995;  33 90-104
• 14 Thyresson H N, Doyle J A. Cowden's disease (multiple hamartoma syndrome).  Mayo Clin Proc. 1981;  56 179-184
• 15 Gorlin R J, Goltz R W. Multiple nevoid basal-cell epithelioma, jaw cysts and bifid rib. A syndrome.  N Engl J Med. 1960;  262 908-912
• 16 Gorlin R J. Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.  Dermatol Clin. 1995;  13 113-125
• 17 Kennedy R H, Flanagan J C, Eagle Jr R C, Carney J A. The Carney complex with ocular signs suggestive of cardiac myxoma.  Am J Ophthalmol. 1991;  111 699-702
• 18 Groos E B, Mannis M J, Brumley T B, Huntley A C. Eyelid involvement in acanthosis nigricans.  Am J Ophthalmol. 1993;  115 42-45
• 19 Erie J C, Garrity J A, Norman M E. Orbital amyloidosis involving the extraocular muscles.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;  107 1428-1429
• 20 Holmstrom G E, Nyman K G. Primary orbital amyloidosis localised to an extraocular muscle. Primary, localised orbital amyloidosis has been reported previously in only 15 patients. A case with amyloidosis strictly localised to an extraocular muscle is presented.  Br J Ophthalmol. 1987;  71 32-33
• 21 Katz B, Leja S, Melles R B, Press G A. Amyloid ophthalmoplegia. Ophthalmoparesis secondary to primary systemic amyloidosis.  J Clin Neuroophthalmol. 1989;  9 39-42
• 22 Bartley G B, Warndahl R A. Surgical bleeding associated with aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.  Mayo Clin Proc. 1992;  67 402-403
• 23 Evaluation of orbital disorders. In: American Academy of Ophthalmology Basic and Clinical Science Course, Section 7, 2003-2004. San Francisco, CA; American Academy of Ophthalmology 2003: 25