References and Notes
For recent reviews, see:
<A NAME="RD29006ST-1A">1a</A>
Banfi L.
Riva R.
Org. React.
2005,
65:
1
<A NAME="RD29006ST-1B">1b</A>
Zhu J.
Eur. J. Org. Chem.
2003,
1133
<A NAME="RD29006ST-1C">1c</A>
Ugi I.
Werner B.
Dömling A.
Molecules
2003,
8:
53
<A NAME="RD29006ST-1D">1d</A>
Hulme C.
Gore V.
Curr. Med. Chem.
2003,
10:
51
<A NAME="RD29006ST-1E">1e</A>
Bienaymé H.
Hulme C.
Oddon G.
Schmitt P.
Chem. Eur. J.
2000,
6:
3321
<A NAME="RD29006ST-1F">1f</A>
Dömling A.
Ugi I.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
2000,
39:
3168
<A NAME="RD29006ST-1G">1g</A>
Dömling A.
Chem. Rev.
2006,
106:
17
<A NAME="RD29006ST-2A">2a</A>
Lu K.
Luo T.
Xiang Z.
You Z.
Fathi R.
Chen J.
Yang Z.
J. Comb. Chem.
2005,
7:
958
<A NAME="RD29006ST-2B">2b</A>
Paulvannan K.
J. Org. Chem.
2004,
69:
1207
<A NAME="RD29006ST-2C">2c</A>
Zhang J.
Jacobson A.
Rusche JR.
Herlihy W.
J. Org. Chem.
1999,
64:
1074
<A NAME="RD29006ST-2D">2d</A>
Akritopoulou-Zanze I.
Gracias V.
Moore JD.
Djuric SW.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2004,
45:
3421
<A NAME="RD29006ST-2E">2e</A>
Janvier P.
Bienaymé H.
Zhu J.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
2002,
41:
4291
<A NAME="RD29006ST-2F">2f</A>
Wright DL.
Robotham CV.
Aboud K.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2002,
43:
943
<A NAME="RD29006ST-3A">3a</A>
Gracias V.
Moore JD.
Djuric SW.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2004,
45:
417
<A NAME="RD29006ST-3B">3b</A>
Xiang Z.
Luo T.
Lu K.
Cui J.
Shi X.
Fathi R.
Chen J.
Yang Z.
Org. Lett.
2004,
6:
3155
<A NAME="RD29006ST-4A">4a</A>
Krelaus R.
Westermann B.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2004,
45:
5987
<A NAME="RD29006ST-4B">4b</A>
Kazmaeir U.
Hebach C.
Watzke A.
Maier S.
Mues H.
Huch V.
Org. Biomol. Chem.
2005,
3:
136
<A NAME="RD29006ST-4C">4c</A>
Sello JK.
Andreana PR.
Lee D.
Schreiber SL.
Org. Lett.
2003,
5:
4125
<A NAME="RD29006ST-4D">4d</A>
Banfi L.
Basso A.
Guanti G.
Riva R.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2003,
44:
7655
<A NAME="RD29006ST-4E">4e</A>
Beck B.
Larbig G.
Mejat B.
Magnin-Lachaux M.
Picard A.
Herdtweck E.
Dömling A.
Org. Lett.
2003,
5:
1047
<A NAME="RD29006ST-5A">5a</A>
Faggi C.
Marcaccini S.
Pepino R.
Pozo MC.
Synthesis
2002,
2756
<A NAME="RD29006ST-5B">5b</A>
Marcaccini S.
Miliciani M.
Pepino R.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2005,
46:
711
<A NAME="RD29006ST-5C">5c</A>
Nixey T.
Tempest P.
Hulme C.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2002,
43:
1637
<A NAME="RD29006ST-6A">6a</A>
Pourashraf M.
Delair P.
Rasmussen MO.
Greene AE.
J. Org. Chem.
2000,
65:
6966
<A NAME="RD29006ST-6B">6b</A>
Cossy J.
Willis C.
Bellosta V.
Jalmes LS.
Synthesis
2002,
951
<A NAME="RD29006ST-6C">6c</A>
Diederich M.
Nubbemeyer U.
Synthesis
1999,
286
<A NAME="RD29006ST-6D">6d</A>
Chalard P.
Remuson R.
Mialhe YG.
Gramain JC.
Canet I.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1999,
40:
1661
<A NAME="RD29006ST-6E">6e</A>
Park SH.
Kang HJ.
Ko S.
Park S.
Chang S.
Tetrahedron: Asymmetry
2001,
12:
2621
<A NAME="RD29006ST-6F">6f</A>
Carroll AR.
Arumugan G.
Quinn RJ.
Redburn J.
Guymer G.
Grimshaw P.
J. Org. Chem.
2005,
70:
1889
<A NAME="RD29006ST-7A">7a</A>
Gubin J.
Lucchetti J.
Mahaux J.
Nisato D.
Rosseels G.
Clinet M.
Polster P.
Chatelain P.
J. Med. Chem.
1992,
35:
981
<A NAME="RD29006ST-7B">7b</A>
Gubin J.
Vogelaer H.
Inion H.
Houben C.
Lucchetti J.
Mahaux J.
Rosseels G.
Peiren M.
Clinet M.
Polster P.
Chatelain P.
J. Med. Chem.
1993,
36:
1425
<A NAME="RD29006ST-7C">7c</A>
Gupta SP.
Mathur AN.
Nagappa AN.
Kumar D.
Kumaran S.
Eur. J. Med. Chem.
2003,
38:
867
<A NAME="RD29006ST-7D">7d</A>
Olden K.
Breton P.
Grzegorzewski K.
Yasuda Y.
Gause BL.
Pharmacol. Ther.
1991,
50:
285
<A NAME="RD29006ST-7E">7e</A>
Ahrens PB.
Ankel H.
J. Biol. Chem.
1987,
262:
7575
<A NAME="RD29006ST-7F">7f</A>
Sasak VW.
Ordovas JM.
Elbein AD.
Berninger RW.
Biochem. J.
1985,
232:
759
<A NAME="RD29006ST-7G">7g</A>
Dennis JW.
Cancer Res.
1986,
46:
5131
<A NAME="RD29006ST-8A">8a</A>
Tschitschibabin AE.
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
1927,
60:
1607
<A NAME="RD29006ST-8B">8b</A>
Katritzky AR.
Qui G.
Yang B.
He HY.
J. Org. Chem.
1999,
64:
7618
<A NAME="RD29006ST-9A">9a</A>
Scholtz M.
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
1912,
45:
734
<A NAME="RD29006ST-9B">9b</A>
Boekelheide V.
Windgassen RJ.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1959,
81:
1456
<A NAME="RD29006ST-10A">10a</A>
Padwa A.
Austin DJ.
Precedo L.
Zhi L.
J. Org. Chem.
1993,
58:
1144
<A NAME="RD29006ST-10B">10b</A>
Wei X.
Hu Y.
Li T.
Hu H.
J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1
1993,
2487
<A NAME="RD29006ST-10C">10c</A>
Siriwardana AI.
Nakamura I.
Yamamoto Y.
J. Org. Chem.
2004,
69:
3202
<A NAME="RD29006ST-10D">10d</A>
Acheson RM.
Robinson DA.
J. Chem. Soc.
1968,
1633
<A NAME="RD29006ST-10E">10e</A>
Dinculescu A.
Balaban TS.
Balaban AT.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1987,
28:
3145
<A NAME="RD29006ST-10F">10f</A>
Zhang L.
Liang F.
Sun L.
Hu Y.
Hu H.
Synthesis
2000,
1733
<A NAME="RD29006ST-10G">10g</A>
Fang X.
Wu YM.
Deng J.
Wang SW.
Tetrahedron
2004,
60:
5487
<A NAME="RD29006ST-11">11</A>
Bora U.
Saikia A.
Boruah RC.
Org. Lett.
2003,
5:
435
<A NAME="RD29006ST-12A">12a</A>
Bedjeguelal K.
Bienaymé H.
Poigny S.
Schmitt Ph.
Tam E.
QSAR Comb. Sci.
2006,
25:
504
<A NAME="RD29006ST-12B">12b</A>
Tielmann P.
Hoenke C.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2006,
47:
261
<A NAME="RD29006ST-12C">12c</A>
Goff DA.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1999,
40:
8741
For recent uses of chloroacetic acid in Ugi reactions, see:
<A NAME="RD29006ST-13A">13a</A>
Marcaccini S.
Pepino R.
Cruz Pozo M.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2001,
42:
2727
<A NAME="RD29006ST-13B">13b</A>
El Kaim L.
Grimaud L.
Miranda LD.
Vieu E.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2006,
47:
8259
<A NAME="RD29006ST-14">14</A>
For similar oxidations, see: ref. 10a,c and ref. 11.
<A NAME="RD29006ST-15">15</A>
Typical Procedure (Given for 7c, Table 1): Anisaldehyde 1a (5 mmol, 608 µL), propargylamine (1 equiv, 343 µL), chloroacetic acid (1 equiv, 472
mg) and cyclohexyl iso-cyanide 2b (1 equiv, 622 µL) were added to MeOH (5 mL) and the mixture stirred overnight at
r.t. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography using CH2Cl2 to give 1.41 g of 3b (70%). To the chloro derivative 3b (3.2 mmol) in EtOH (3 mL) was added 4-picoline (2 equiv, 0.52 mL) and the mixture
stirred at 50 °C for 24 h. EtOH was evaporated, the crude product (1.6 mmol) was then
added to 1-iodo-4-nitrobenzene (6b, 1.1 equiv, 876 mg) in a mixture THF-i-Pr2NH (1:1, 6 mL). Then, Pd(OAc)2 (0.04 equiv, 28 mg), CuI (0.08 equiv, 48 mg) and PPh3 (0.08 equiv, 66 mg) were added and the mixture was stirred for 2 d. Extraction, evaporation
and flash chromatography using Et2O-PE (50: 50) afford 590 mg of 7c (33%).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 8.56 (d, 1 H, J = 7.1 Hz), 8.26 (d, 2 H, J = 9.1 Hz), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.59 (d, 2 H, J = 9.1 Hz), 7.39 (d, 2 H, J = 8.8 Hz), 6.93 (d, 2 H, J = 8.8 Hz), 6.71 (dd, 1 H, J = 7.1, 1.5 Hz), 6.00 (s, 1 H), 5.84 (br s, 1 H), 5.06 (d, 1 H, J = 17.2 Hz), 4.13 (d, 1 H, J = 17.2 Hz), 3.90-3.84 (m, 1 H), 3.82 (s, 3 H), 2.45 (s, 3 H), 1.99-1.93 (m, 2 H),
1.74-1.69 (m, 2 H), 1.39-1.10 (m, 6 H). 13C NMR (100.6 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 169.3, 162.0, 160.1, 145.1, 142.3, 138.1, 137.7, 135.0, 130.5, 128.0, 126.9,
125.9, 124.9, 120.7, 116.8, 115.7, 114.8, 106.3, 58.5, 55.7, 49.2, 45.3, 33.3, 25.9,
25.2, 22.3. MS (DI, CI NH3): m/z = 553. HRMS: m/z calcd for C32H32N4O5: 552.2373; found: 552.2385.
<A NAME="RD29006ST-16A">16a</A>
Dubowchik GM.
Michne JA.
Zuev D.
Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
2004,
14:
3147
<A NAME="RD29006ST-16B">16b</A>
Kang KH.
Pae AN.
Choi K.
Cho YS.
Chung BY.
Lee JE.
Jung SH.
Koh HY.
Lee H.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2001,
42:
1057
<A NAME="RD29006ST-17">17</A>
Modified Procedure (Table 2): Aldehyde 1a (5 mmol), propargylamine (1 equiv), chloroacetic acid (1 equiv) and the isocyanide
(1 equiv) were added to MeOH (5 mL) and the mixture stirred overnight at r.t., pyridine
was then added (2 equiv) followed by stirring at 50 °C for 24 h. Addition of Et2O and filtration gave pyridinium 5 which was further treated as shown for 7c.