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Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2008; 76: S16-S23
DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1038130
Originalarbeit
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Arbeitsgedächtnis und Psychopathologie schizophrener Störungen

Working Memory and the Psychopathology of SchizophreniaH.  Walter1 , R.  C.  Wolf2
  • 1Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Friedrich Wilhelms Universität Bonn, (Ärztlicher Direktor: Prof. Dr. med. W. Maier)
  • 2Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie III, Universität Ulm, (Ärztlicher Direktor: Prof. Dr. med. Dr. phil. M. Spitzer)
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Publikationsdatum:
07. Mai 2008 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Das Arbeitsgedächtnis (AG) gilt als eines der zentralen Modelle zur Erklärung von Kognitionsdefiziten und der Psychopathologie schizophrener Störungen. Verhaltensdaten und funktionell bildgebende Studien sprechen derzeit für eine multimodale AG-Dysfunktion, die eng an die funktionale Integrität des präfrontalen Kortex (PFC) geknüpft ist. In dieser Übersicht sollen zum einen das Spektrum von AG-Defiziten in der Schizophrenie sowie das Verhältnis von AG und Psychopathologie schizophrener Störungen dargestellt werden. Zum anderen werden bisherige Erkenntnisse zur AG-assoziierten zerebralen Aktivierung in der fMRT und zu psychopathologischen Symptomen diskutiert. Vor dem Hintergrund insgesamt heterogener funktionell bildgebender Befunde besteht hierbei möglicherweise ein Zusammenhang zwischen präfrontalen Arealen und Desorganisations- und Negativsymptomen. Eine Untersuchung der AG-Funktion schizophrener Subsyndrome mittels funktionell bildgebender Verfahren bleibt indessen ein klinisches und wissenschaftliches Desiderat.

Abstract

Working memory (WM) deficits are core symptoms of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. WM-models serve as theoretical and empirical framework for the investigation of cognitive dysfunction as well as of schizophrenic phenomenology. Behavioral and functional neuroimaging data support the concept of a supramodal WM-deficit in schizophrenia, associated with the functional integrity of prefrontal regions. This review provides a short overview of WM-dysfunction in schizophrenia as well as its impact on psychopathology. Furthermore, the relationship of WM-associated cerebral activation and psychopathological symptoms is illustrated. Currently available studies on WM-function and psychopathology in schizophrenia obtained rather heterogeneous results, although disorganisation and negative symptoms may be closely linked to prefrontal regions. The investigation of WM-function in schizophrenic subsyndromes with functional neuroimaging techniques still remains a clinical and scientific desideratum.

Schlüsselwörter

Arbeitsgedächtnis - Schizophrenie - Psychopathologie - präfrontaler Kortex - fMRT - Negativsymptome

Key words

working memory - schizophrenia - psychopathology - prefrontal cortex - fmri - negative symptoms

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Prof. Dr. med. Dr. phil. Henrik Walter

Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Friedrich Wilhelms Universität Bonn

Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25

53105 Bonn

eMail: henrik.walter@ukb.uni-bonn.de