A rare case of monozygotic iniodymic diprosopiasis in a German Holstein calf

Summary

Craniofacial duplication abnormity is a rare phenomenon in buiatric practice. This report attends to a male German Holstein calf which could be classified as a diprosopic iniodymus. A fetus exhibiting a doubled face was delivered after fetotomy. To our knowledge, this is the first description of diprosopiasis with two cranial cavities as well as two separate encephala in a calf showing the potential extent of duplication. Throughout this work also the question is answered of whether this malformation in a bovine species arose from one embryo or rather, there is a dizygotic background by genotyping of tissue samples from both parts of the diprosopus. Regarding etiology, not only hereditary dispositions including among others a failed function of the signaling molecule Sonic hedgehog mediating regulation of craniofacial morphogenesis, but also incompletely separated monozygotic twins are discussed.

Zusammenfassung

Kraniofaziale Doppelmissbildungen sind seltene Entitäten in der buiatrischen Praxis. Dieser Fallbericht beschreibt ein männliches Kalb der Rasse Deutsche Holstein, bei dem ein diprosopialer Iniodymus diagnostiziert wurde. Ein Fetus mit verdoppelten Gesichtsstrukturen konnte nach Fetotomie entwickelt werden. Nach unserem Wissen ist das die erste Beschreibung von Diprosopie mit zwei Schädelhöhlen sowie zwei separaten Gehirnen beim Kalb, was das mögliche Ausmaß der Duplikation verdeutlicht. In diesem Bericht wird außerdem durch Genotypisierung von beidseitig gewonnenem Gewebe des Diprosopus die Frage beantwortet, ob diese bovine Missbildung aus einem Embryo oder eventuell durch einen dizygoten Ursprung entstanden ist. Bezüglich der Ätiologie sollten nicht nur erbliche Dispositionen und damit beispielsweise eine Fehlfunktion des Signalmoleküls Sonic hedgehog, das die Regulation der kraniofazialen Morphogenese vermittelt, sondern auch die Entstehung aus einer unvollständig getrennten monozygoten Zwillingsträchtigkeit in Betracht gezogen werden.

Keywords

Diprosopus - calf - monozygotic - SHH - fetotomy

Schlüsselwörter

Diprosopus - Kalb - monozygot - SHH - Fetotomie

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