The efficacy of allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells for the repair of an ovine tibial segmental defect

Summary

Introduction: Synthetic void-fillers offer an alternative to autograft or allograft bone in the repair of segmental defects. However, the reparative process is delayed as only osteo-conductive elements are present. The inclusion of pluripotential cells may resolve this limitation, and the use of allogeneic tissue provides the opportunity for an off-the-shelf remedy. The current study evaluated the utilisation of mesenchymal precursor cells (MPC) for the repair of an ovine critical-size tibial segmental defect.

Methods: Twenty-four, mature female sheep underwent surgery for the creation of a 3 cm tibial diaphyseal defect. In one group of 12 sheep the scaffold was used alone, and in the second group the scaffold was seeded with MPC. The defect was stabilised using a locking intramedullary nail and allowed to heal over a nine-month-period. Outcome assessments of healing included radiology of callus formation, computed tomography, assessment of new-bone volume, mechanical attributes, and histological evaluation of linear bone apposition rate and tissue response.

Results: The MPC-treated group displayed a significantly greater level of callus formation and rate of bone apposition in the defect.

Discussion: The incorporation of allogeneic MPC to a synthetic void filler stimulated early repair of critical-size diaphyseal segmental defects and holds potential as an off-the-shelf therapy for augmenting bone regeneration.

Keywords

Mesenchymal precursor cells - tibial segmental defect - ovine model - trauma

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