Subscribe to RSS
Download PDF
DOI: 10.3415/VCOT-11-02-0022
Bilateral angular carpal deformity in a dog with craniomandibular osteopathy
Publication History
Received
07 February 2011
Accepted
09 February 2011
Publication Date:
23 December 2017 (online)
Summary
A four-month-old West Highland White Terrier was presented to the Small Animal Teaching Hospital at the University of Liverpool with the complaint of a bilateral angular carpal deformity. A 20° valgus deformity was present in both thoracic limbs, centred on the distal radial physes. Both distal ulnas were grossly thickened and there was concomitant thickening of the rostral mandible and calvarium. The dog exhibited signs of resentment on palpation of the mandible and signs of pain were elicited on flexion and extension of both elbow joints. No signs of pain were evident on palpation of the ulnas or calvarium. Radiographic images of both ulnas showed marked amorphous periosteal new bone formation. The distal ulnar physes were closed centrally and both elbow joints had humeroulnar subluxation. Radiographic changes to the calvarium and mandibular rami were consistent with a diagnosis of craniomandibular osteopathy. A bilateral ulna ostectomy was performed to correct the angular limb deformity and elbow subluxations. Histology of the ostectomised pieces showed changes consistent with craniomandibular osteopathy.
-
References
- 1 Littlewort M. Tumour-like exostoses on the bones of head in puppies. Vet Rec 1958; 70: 977-978.
- 2 Watson ADJ, Adams WM, Thomas CB. Craniomandibular osteopathy in dogs. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian. 1995 17. 911.
- 3 Riser WH, Parkes LJ, Shirer JF. Canine craniomandibular osteopathy. J Am Vet Radiol Soc 1967; 8: 892-899.
- 4 Padgett GA, Mostosky UV. Animal Model - The mode of inheritance of craniomandibular osteopathy in West Highland White Terrier Dogs. Am J Med Genet 1986; 25: 9-13.
- 5 LaFond E, Breur GJ, Austin CC. Breed susceptibility for developmental orthopedic diseases in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2002; 38: 467-477.
- 6 Trowald-Wigh G, Ekman S, Hansson K. et al. Clinical, radiological and pathological features of 12 Irish setters with canine leucocyte adhesion deficiency. J Small Anim Prac 2000; 41: 211-217.
- 7 Baker JR, Lewis DG. Bone disease in a dog similar to infantile cortical hyperostosis (Caffey's disease). Vet Rec 1975; 97: 74-75.
- 8 Snook SS, King NW. Familial infantile cortical hyperostosis (Caffey's Disease) in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Vet Pathol 1989; 26: 274-277.
- 9 Hudson JA, Montgomery RD, Hathcock JT. et al. Computed tomography of craniomandibular osteopathy in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1994; 35: 94-99.
- 10 Muir P, Dubielzig RR, Johnson KA. et al. Hypertrophic osteodystrophy and calvarial hyperostosis. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 1996; 18: 143-151.
- 11 Obrien TR, Morgan JP, Suter PF. Epiphyseal plate injury in a dog - a radiographic study of growth disturbance in forelimb. J Small Anim Pract 1971; 12: 19-35.
- 12 Fordyce WE, Lansky D, Calsyn DA. et al. Pain measurement and pain behaviour. Pain 1984; 18: 53-69.
- 13 Lewis DD, Radasch RM, Beale BS. et al. Initial clinical experience with the IMEX (TM) circular external skeletal fixation system - Part II: Use in bone lengthening and correction of angular and rotational deformities. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1999; 12: 118-127.
- 14 Piermattei DL, Johnson KA. Approach to the distal shaft and styloid process of the ulna. In: Piermattei DL, Saunders WB. editors. An Atlas of Surgical Approaches to the bone and joints of the dog and cat. Philadelphia: WB Saunder; 2004. pg. 241-242.
- 15 Thompson K. Hyperostotic Diseases. In: Maxie M. editor. Jubb, Kennedy and Palmer's Pathology of Domestic animals. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2007. pg. 106-110.
- 16 Franch J, Cesari JR, Font J. Craniomandibular osteopathy in two Pyrenean Mountain dogs. Vet Rec 1998; 142: 455-459.
- 17 Henney LHS, Gambardella PC. Premature closure of the ulnar physis in the dog -a retrospective clinical study. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1989; 25: 573-581.
- 18 Salter RB, Harris WR. Injuries involving the epiphyseal plate. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1963; 45: 587-622.
- 19 Fox SM. Premature closure of the distal radial and ulnar physes in the dog. 1. Pathogenesis and diagnosis. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian. 1984; 6: 128-140.
- 20 Carrig CB, Morgan JP. Asynchronous growth of the canine radius and ulna - early radiographic changes following experimental retardation of longitudinal growth of ulna. J Am Vet Radiol Soc 1975; 16: 121-129.
- 21 Ramadan RO, Vaughan LC. Premature closure of the distal ulna growth plates in dogs - review of 58 cases. J Small Anim Pract 1978; 19: 647-667.
- 22 Karaharju EO, Ryoppy SA, Makinen RJ. Remodelling by assymetrical epiphyseal growth - experimental study in dogs. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 1976; 58: 122-126.
- 23 Newton CD. Surgical management of distal ulnar physeal growth disturbances in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1974; 164: 479-487.
- 24 Craig E. Autogenous fat grafts to prevent recurrence following surgical correction of growth deformities of the radius and ulna in the dog. Vet Surg 1981; 10: 69-76.
- 25 Vandewater A, Olmstead ML, Stevenson S. Partial ulnar ostectomy with free autogenous fat grafting for treatment of radius curvus in the dog. Vet Surg 1982; 11: 92-99.
- 26 Decamp CE, Hauptman J, Knowlen G. et al. Periosteum and the healing of partial ulnar ostectomy in radius curvus of dogs. Vet Surg 1986; 15: 185-190.
- 27 Theyse LFH, Voorhout G, Hazewinkel HAW. Prognostic factors in treating antebrachial growth deformities with a lengthening procedure using a circular external skeletal fixation system in dogs. Vet Surg 2005; 34: 424-435.
- 28 Robbins G, Innes JF. The Elbow. In: Houlton JEF, Cook JL, Innes JF. et al. editors. BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Musculoskeletal Disorders. Cheltenham: BSAVA Publications; 2006. pg. 249-280.
- 29 Gilson SD, Piermattei DL, Schwarz PD. Treatment of humeroulnar subluxation with a dynamic proximal ulanr osteotomy - a review of 13 cases. Vet Surg 1989; 18: 114-122.
- 30 Morgan PW, Miller CW. Osteotomy for correction of premature growth-plate closure in 24 dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1994; 7: 129-135.
- 31 Balfour RJ, Boudrieau RJ, Gores BR. T-plate fixation of distal radial closing wedge osteotomies for treatment of angular limb deformities in 18 dogs. Vet Surg 2000; 29: 207-217.
- 32 Fox SM, Bray JC, Guerin SR. et al. Antebrachial deformities in the dog - treatment with external fixation. J Small Anim Pract 1995; 36: 315-320.