Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/a-1403-4895
Radiotracer in Kombination mit Magnetresonanz-Kontrastmittel für die simultane MR-PET-Bildgebung
Radiotracers in combination with magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent for simultaneous MR-PET imagingZusammenfassung
Moderne bildgebende Verfahren der medizinischen Diagnostik, wie die Magnetresonanz-Tomographie (MRT) und die Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie (PET), erlauben eine immer präzisere und differenziertere Untersuchung von Krankheiten. Neben dem reinen PET- bzw. MRT-Ansatz befassen sich neue Methoden mit der simultanen PET-MR-Bildgebung, die erst durch die Entwicklung hybrider PET-MRT-Scanner ermöglicht wurde. Diese komplementären Bildgebungsverfahren kombinieren dabei in synergistischer Weise die hohe Auflösung durch MRT mit der großen Sensitivität durch die PET-Methode. Eine Möglichkeit, die Synergie beider Techniken zu nutzen, besteht darin, bereits klinisch etablierte PET-Radiopharmaka mit zugelassenen, paramagnetischen MR-Kontrastmitteln zu kombinieren. Diese Methode wurde in zahlreichen präklinischen und klinischen Studien untersucht. Eine alternative und elegantere Möglichkeit ist die Einführung beider Modalitäten in einer einzigen Kontrastsonde für die nicht invasive bimodale Bildgebung. Hier sind verschiedene Ansätze entwickelt worden, die jedoch umfangreichere Entwicklungsarbeit erfordern. Diese multifunktionellen Kontrastsonden wurden daher bislang nur in präklinischen Studien eingesetzt.
Abstract
Modern imaging techniques in medical diagnostics, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), allow increasingly precise and differential examination of diseases. In addition to the pure PET or MRI approach, new methods deal with simultaneous PET-MR imaging, which was first made possible by the development of hybrid PET-MRI scanners. These complementary imaging modalities synergistically combine the high resolution of MRI with the high sensitivity of PET. One way to exploit the synergy of both techniques is to combine already clinically established PET radiopharmaceuticals with approved paramagnetic MRI contrast agents. This method has been investigated in numerous preclinical and clinical studies. An alternative and more elegant option is to introduce both modalities in a single contrast probe for bimodal imaging. Various approaches have been developed here, but these require more extensive development work. These multifunctional contrast probes for non-invasive bimodal imaging have therefore only been used in preclinical studies to date.
Schlüsselwörter
Positronen-Emission-Tomographie - Magnetresonanztomographie - simultane MR-PET-Bildgebung - Radiotracer, MRT-KontrastmittelKeywords
Positron emission tomography - Magnetic resonance tomography - simultaneous MR-PET imaging - radiotracer - magnetic resonance imaging contrast agentPublication History
Article published online:
10 June 2021
© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
-
Literatur
- 1 Judenhofer MS, Wehrl HF, Newport DF. et al. Simultaneous PET-MRI: a new approach for functional and morphological imaging. Nature Medicine 2008; 14: 459-465 DOI: 10.1038/nm1700.
- 2 Cabello J, Ziegler SI. Advances in PET/MR instrumentation and image reconstruction. Br J Radiol 2018; DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20160363.
- 3 Izquierdo-Garcia D, Catana C. MR Imaging–Guided Attenuation Correction of PET Data in PET/MR Imaging. PET Clinics 2016; 11: 129-149 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2015.10.002.
- 4 Merbach A, Helm L, Tóth E. The Chemistry of Contrast Agents in Medical Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2013
- 5 Shuvaev S, Akam E, Caravan P. Molecular MR Contrast Agents. Investigative Radiology 2021; 56: 20-34 DOI: 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000731.
- 6 Iwaki S, Hokamura K, Ogawa M. et al. A design strategy for small molecule-based targeted MRI contrast agents: their application for detection of atherosclerotic plaques. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12: 8611-8618 DOI: 10.1039/C4OB01270D.
- 7 Yang CT, Chuang KH. Gd(III) chelates for MRI contrast agents: From high relaxivity to "smart", from blood pool to blood-brain barrier permeable. MedChemComm 2012; 3: 552-565 DOI: 10.1039/c2md00279e.
- 8 Gadoliniumhaltige Kontrastmittel: Gadoliniumablagerungen im Gehirn und anderen Geweben. BfArM; 2020 Verfügbar unter: https://www.bfarm.de/SharedDocs/Risikoinformationen/Pharmakovigilanz/DE/RV_STP/g-l/gadolinium-kernspin-neu.html
- 9 Drahoš B, Lukeš I, Tóth É. Manganese(II) Complexes as Potential Contrast Agents for MRI. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012; 2012: 1975-1986 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201101336.
- 10 de Rosales RTM. Potential clinical applications of bimodal PET-MRI or SPECT-MRI agents. J Labelled Compd Radiopharm 2014; 57: 298-303 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3154.
- 11 Louie A. Multimodality Imaging Probes: Design and Challenges. Chem Rev 2010; 110: 3146-3195 DOI: 10.1021/cr9003538.
- 12 Yang C-T, Ghosh KK, Padmanabhan P. et al. PET-MR and SPECT-MR multimodality probes: Development and challenges. Theranostics 2018; 8: 6210-6232 DOI: 10.7150/thno.26610.
- 13 Sandiford L, de Rosales RTM. The Use of Contrast Agents in Clinical and Preclinical PET-MR Imaging. PET clinics 2016; 11: 119-128
- 14 Miller-Thomas MM, Benzinger TL. Neurologic Applications of PET/MR Imaging. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2017; 25: 297-313 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2016.12.003.
- 15 Donner D, Rozzanigo U, Amelio D. et al. PET in brain tumors. Clin Transl Imaging 2019; 7: 45-60 DOI: 10.1007/s40336-018-0307-6.
- 16 Bailey DL, Antoch G, Bartenstein P. et al. Combined PET/MR: The Real Work Has Just Started. Summary Report of the Third International Workshop on PET/MR Imaging; February 17-21, 2014, Tübingen, Germany. Mol Imaging Biol 2015; 17: 297-312 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-014-0818-0.
- 17 Fraum TJ, Fowler KJ, McConathy J. PET/MRI:: Emerging Clinical Applications in Oncology. Academic Radiology 2016; 23: 220-236 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2015.09.008.
- 18 Buchbender C, Heusner TA, Lauenstein TC. et al. Oncologic PET/MRI, Part 2: Bone Tumors, Soft-Tissue Tumors, Melanoma, and Lymphoma. J Nucl Med 2012; 53: 1244-1252 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.109306.
- 19 Bailey JJ, Jordan EJ, Burke C. et al. Does Extended PET Acquisition in PET/MRI Rectal Cancer Staging Improve Results?. American Journal of Roentgenology 2018; 211: 896-900 DOI: 10.2214/AJR.18.19620.
- 20 Filss CP, Cicone F, Shah NJ. et al. Amino acid PET and MR perfusion imaging in brain tumours. Clin Transl Imaging 2017; 5: 209-223 DOI: 10.1007/s40336-017-0225-z.
- 21 Afshar-Oromieh A, Haberkorn U, Schlemmer HP. et al. Comparison of PET/CT and PET/MRI hybrid systems using a 68Ga-labelled PSMA ligand for the diagnosis of recurrent prostate cancer: initial experience. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 41: 887-897 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-013-2660-z.
- 22 Makowski MR, Rischpler C, Ebersberger U. et al. Multiparametric PET and MRI of myocardial damage after myocardial infarction: correlation of integrin αvβ3 expression and myocardial blood flow. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05034-z.
- 23 Zhou J, Heo H-Y, Knutsson L. et al. APT-weighted MRI: Techniques, current neuro applications, and challenging issues. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2019; 50: 347-364 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26645.
- 24 Sun H, Xin J, Zhou J. et al. Applying Amide Proton Transfer MR Imaging to Hybrid Brain PET/MR: Concordance with Gadolinium Enhancement and Added Value to [18F]FDG PET. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 20: 473-481 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1136-0.
- 25 Li B, Sun H, Zhang S. et al. Amide proton transfer imaging to evaluate the grading of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: A comparative study using 18F FDG PET. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2019; 50: 261-268 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26572.
- 26 Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB. et al. Metabolic Imaging of Patients with Prostate Cancer Using Hyperpolarized [1-13C]Pyruvate. Sci Transl Med 2013; 5: 198ra108 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006070.
- 27 Notni J, Hermann P, Dregely I. et al. Convenient Synthesis of Ga-68-Labeled Gadolinium(III) Complexes: Towards Bimodal Responsive Probes for Functional Imaging with PET/MRI. Chem - Eur J 2013; 19: 12602-12606 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302751.
- 28 Ermert J, Neumaier B. CHAPTER 20: Radiotracers for PET and MR-PET Imaging. New Developments in NMR 2019; 381-399 DOI: 10.1039/9781788013062-00379.
- 29 Coenen HH, Ermert J. Expanding PET-applications in life sciences with positron-emitters beyond fluorine-18. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 92: 241-269 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.07.003.
- 30 Qaim SM. Nuclear data for production and medical application of radionuclides: Present status and future needs. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 44: 31-49 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.08.016.
- 31 Lamb J, Holland JP. Advanced Methods for Radiolabeling Multimodality Nanomedicines for SPECT/MRI and PET/MRI. J Nucl Med 2018; 59: 382-389 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.187419.
- 32 Lahooti A, Sarkar S, Laurent S. et al. Dual nano-sized contrast agents in PET/MRI: a systematic review. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2016; 11: 428-447 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1719.
- 33 Kunjachan S, Ehling J, Storm G. et al. Noninvasive Imaging of Nanomedicines and Nanotheranostics: Principles, Progress, and Prospects. Chem Rev 2015; 115: 10907-10937 DOI: 10.1021/cr500314d.
- 34 Biederer S. Superparamagnetische Eisenoxid-Nanopartikel. In Magnet-Partikel-Spektrometer Medizintechnik (Medizinische Bildgebung, Bildverarbeitung und bildgeführte Interventionen). Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag; 2012. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-8348-2407-3_3
- 35 Wang Y-XJ, Xuan S, Port M. et al. Recent Advances in Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Cellular Imaging and Targeted Therapy Research. Curr Pharm Des 2013; 19: 6575-6593 DOI: 10.2174/1381612811319370003.
- 36 Lee J-H, Huh Y-M, Jun Y-w. et al. Artificially engineered magnetic nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive molecular imaging. Nature Medicine 2007; 13: 95-99 DOI: 10.1038/nm1467.
- 37 Qaim SM, Scholten B, Spahn I. et al. Positron-emitting radionuclides for applications, with special emphasis on their production methodologies for medical use. Radiochim Acta 2019; 107: 1011-1026 DOI: 10.1515/ract-2019-3154.
- 38 Lee H-Y, Li Z, Chen K. et al. PET/MRI Dual-Modality Tumor Imaging Using Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic (RGD)–Conjugated Radiolabeled Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. J Nucl Med 2008; 49: 1371-1379 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.108.051243.
- 39 Choi Js, Park JC, Nah H. et al. A Hybrid Nanoparticle Probe for Dual-Modality Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Ang Chem Int Ed 2008; 47: 6259-6262 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801369.
- 40 Thorek DLJ, Ulmert D, Diop NFM. et al. Non-invasive mapping of deep-tissue lymph nodes in live animals using a multimodal PET/MRI nanoparticle. Nat Commun 2014; 5: 3097 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4097.
- 41 Chen F, Ellison PA, Lewis CM. et al. Chelator-Free Synthesis of a Dual-Modality PET/MRI Agent. Ang Chem Int Ed 2013; 52: 13319-13323 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306306.
- 42 Boros E, Bowen AM, Josephson L. et al. Chelate-free metal ion binding and heat-induced radiolabeling of iron oxide nanoparticles. Chem Sci 2015; 6: 225-236 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02778g.
- 43 Chakravarty R, Valdovinos HF, Chen F. et al. Intrinsically Germanium-69-Labeled Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis and In-Vivo Dual-Modality PET/MR Imaging. Adv Mater 2014; 26: 5119-5123 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401372.
- 44 Pellico J, Ruiz-Cabello J, Saiz-Alia M. et al. Fast synthesis and bioconjugation of 68Ga core-doped extremely small iron oxide nanoparticles for PET/MR imaging. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2016; 11: 203-210 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1681.
- 45 Abou DS, Thorek DLJ, Ramos NN. et al. 89Zr-Labeled Paramagnetic Octreotide-Liposomes for PET-MR Imaging of Cancer. Pharm Res 2013; 30: 878-888 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0929-8.
- 46 Mier W, Babich J, Haberkorn U. Is nano too big?. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 41: 4-6 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-013-2574-9.
- 47 Kiessling F, Mertens ME, Grimm J. et al. Nanoparticles for imaging: Top or flop?. Radiology 2014; 273: 10-28
- 48 Grimm J, Scheinberg DA. Will Nanotechnology Influence Targeted Cancer Therapy?. Seminars in Radiation Oncology 2011; 21: 80-87 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2010.10.003.
- 49 Overoye-Chan K, Koerner S, Looby RJ. et al. EP-2104R: A Fibrin-Specific Gadolinium-Based MRI Contrast Agent for Detection of Thrombus. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130: 6025-6039 DOI: 10.1021/ja800834y.
- 50 Uppal R, Catana C, Ay I. et al. Bimodal Thrombus Imaging: Simultaneous PET/MR Imaging with a Fibrin-targeted Dual PET/MR Probe-Feasibility Study in Rat Model. Radiology 2011; 258: 812-820 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.10100881.
- 51 Frullano L, Catana C, Benner T. et al. Bimodal MR–PET Agent for Quantitative pH Imaging. Angew Chem, Int Ed 2010; 49: 2382-2384 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000075.
- 52 Vanasschen C, Brandt M, Ermert J. et al. Authentically radiolabelled Mn(II) complexes as bimodal PET/MR tracers. EJNMMI physics 2015; 2: A85 DOI: 10.1186/2197-7364-2-S1-A85.
- 53 Denzler FO, Lebedev NA, Novgorodov AF. et al. Production and radiochemical separation of 147Gd. Appl Rad Isot 1997; 48: 319-326 DOI: 10.1016/S0969-8043(96)00221-7.
- 54 Coenen HH, Buchholz M, Spahn I. et al. Towards authentically labelled bi-modal PET(SPECT)/MR-probes. EJNMMI Physics 2014; 1: A79 DOI: 10.1186/2197-7364-1-s1-a79.
- 55 Vanasschen C, Brandt M, Ermert J. et al. Radiolabelling with isotopic mixtures of 52g/55Mn(II) as a straight route to stable manganese complexes for bimodal PET/MR imaging. Dalton Trans 2016; 45: 1315-1321 DOI: 10.1039/C5DT04270D.
- 56 Mastarone DJ, Harrison VSR, Eckermann AL. et al. A Modular System for the Synthesis of Multiplexed Magnetic Resonance Probes. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133: 5329-5337 DOI: 10.1021/ja1099616.
- 57 Vanasschen C, Molnár E, Tircsó G. et al. Novel CDTA-based, Bifunctional Chelators for Stable and Inert MnII Complexation: Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization. Inorg Chem 2017; 56: 7746-7760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00460.
- 58 Brandt MR, Vanasschen C, Ermert J. et al. 52g/55Mn-Labelled CDTA-based trimeric complexes as novel bimodal PET/MR probes with high relaxivity. Dalton Trans 2019; 48: 3003-3008 DOI: 10.1039/C8DT04996C.
- 59 Wagner CC, Langer O. Approaches using molecular imaging technology - use of PET in clinical microdose studies. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 2011; 63: 539-546