Neonatal Suppurative Submandibular Sialadenitis (NISSS) in a Mature Newborn

Introduction

Neonatal isolated Suppurative Submandibular Sialadenitis (NISSS) is a very rare infection in full term neonates (app. 1:10 000 births/year) [Pathak M et al., Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol Extra 2013; 8: 69–70]. Interestingly, the majority of infections are caused by Staphylococcus aureus [Pereira E et al., BMJ Case Rep 2014; 2014: bcr2013202783]. The main risk factor appears to be prematurity [Garavello W et al., Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2002; 62: 41–44; Weibel L et al., Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005; 24: 379–381]. It is unclear whether prematurity itself, or therapeutic measures, such as prolonged nasogastric feeding or supported ventilation, are sufficient cause. In addition, dehydration and maternal mastitis while breastfeeding may be additional risk factors. [Leake D and Leake R, Pediatrics 1970; 46: 203–207]. The pain and swelling of the neck lead to refusal to drink, failure to thrive. NISSS can progress to abscess formation and sepsis.

Publication History

Article published online:
02 August 2021