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Kinder- und Jugendmedizin 2022; 22(05): 333-340
DOI: 10.1055/a-1913-3316
Schwerpunkt

Kaliumbromid – auch heute noch ein wichtiges Antikonvulsivum

Bromide – still an important anti-seizure medication today
Gerhard Kurlemann
1   Bonifatius Hospital Lingen – Kinderklinik
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ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Kaliumbromid ist das älteste heute noch verwendete Antikonvulsivum, das in seiner jetzt klar eingegrenzten Indikation, dem Dravet-Sydnrom, einen berechtigten Platz hat. Verschiedene ältere und neuere Studien mit zusammen über 1500 Patienten weisen dabei darauf hin, dass Kaliumbromid als Add-on in dieser Indikation anderen gebräuchlichen Antikonvulsiva in der Unterdrückung von generalisierten tonisch-klonischen Anfällen und in der Prävention des Status epilepticus überlegen sein kann. Im Unterschied zu den Grand-mal-Anfällen sprechen Myoklonien im Allgemeinen nicht auf Kaliumbromid an. Auch das EEG bleibt weitgehend unbeeinflusst. Aufgrund der heute üblichen niedrigen Dosierungen von 30–70 mg/kg Körpergewicht und der Möglichkeit regelmäßiger Kontrollen der Serumspiegel sind schwere unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen selten geworden. Die unerwünschten Wirkungen der Bromidtherapie sind angesichts des langjährigen medizinisch-therapeutischen Einsatzes gut bekannt und betreffen in erster Linie den Magen-Darm-Trakt, die Haut und das Nervensystem.

ABSTRACT

Potassium bromide is the oldest anticonvulsive drug still in use today. In its clearly defined indication, i. e. Dravet syndrome, bromide has a justified place in modern anti-seizure therapy. Various older and newer studies with together more than 1500 patients indicate that potassium bromide given add-on in this indication is superior to other standard anticonvulsive drugs in the suppression of generalised tonic clonic seizures and in the prevention of status epilepticus. In contrast to generalised tonic clonic seizures myoclonic jerks usually do not respond. As well, EEG is generally not affected by this drug. Due to the currently administered low doses of 30 to 70 mg potassium bromide/kg body weight and the possibility of regular monitoring of serum concentrations serious adverse reactions have become rare. Owing to its use since decades side effects of bromide are well known and affect primarily the gastrointestinal tract, the skin and the nervous system.

Schlüsselwörter

Kaliumbromid - Verträglichkeit - Indikation - Grand-mal-Epilepsie - Dravet-Syndrom

Keywords

Potassium bromide - tolerability - indication - grand mal epilepsy - Dravet syndrome


Publication History

Article published online:
08 November 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG,
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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