Nerventransfers bei peripheren Nervenläsionen

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Schädigungen der Stammnerven der oberen Extremität führen häufig zu anhaltenden, schwerwiegenden Einschränkungen in der Funktion (Motorik) und Wahrnehmung (Sensibilität). Sowohl privat als auch beruflich können erhebliche Einschränkungen auf physischer, psychischer als auch sozioökonomischer Ebene persistieren. Indikationsstellung. Die frühe Indikationsstellung zu einem Nerventransfer kann die Reinnervationsstrecke verkürzen und die Einleitung motorischer oder sensorischer Axone in das Zielorgan optimieren und somit langfristig zur Verbesserung der Motorik und Sensibilität, sowie Vermeidung von Fehlstellungen beitragen. Hierbei sind in der Planung des Operationszeitpunkts, die bereits vergangene Zeit nach dem Trauma, die zu erwartende Reinnervationszeit und die Hebemorbiditäten der Spendernerven individuell abzuwägen.

Ergebnisse Nerventransfers können nach peripheren Nervenverletzungen eine frühere und sicherere Reinnervation erreichen und zur Verbesserung der motorischen und sensiblen Funktionen an der oberen Extremität nach Nervenverletzungen eingesetzt werden.

Abstract

Background Lesions of peripheral nerves of the upper extremities often lead to persistent, serious limitations in motor function and sensory perception. Affected patients suffer from both private and professional restrictions associated with long-term physical, psychological and socioeconomic consequences. Indication. An early indication for a nerve transfer shortens the reinnervation distance and improves the growing of motor and sensory axons into the target organ to facilitate early mobility and sensitivity. When planning the timepoint of the surgical procedure, the distance to be covered by reinnervation as well as the morbidities of donor nerves must be considered individually.

Results Nerve transfers can achieve earlier and safer reinnervation to improve motor and sensory functions after nerve injuries in the upper extremity.

Schlüsselwörter

periphere Nervenläsionen - Nerventransfer - Reinnervation

Key words

peripheral nerve lesions - nerve transfer - reinnervation

Publication History

Received: 26 November 2023

Accepted: 06 December 2023

Article published online:
05 February 2024

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