Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1285908
Screening for Cerebral Visual Impairment: Value of a CVI Questionnaire
Publication History
received 23 December 2010
accepted 25 July 2011
Publication Date:
12 September 2011 (online)
Abstract
Objective:
The objective of the study was to investigate the screening utility of a questionnaire for cerebral visual impairment (CVI) by correlating the questionnaire with diagnostic tools such as the L94, the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills - Revised and the Visual Perception subtask of the Beery test of VisuoMotor Integration.
Methods:
The questionnaire consisted of 46 items, exploring different characteristics of CVI. We consecutively recruited 91 children. Parents filled out the questionnaire after which all children were seen for a diagnostic evaluation of CVI.
Results:
There were 58 boys. Subjects’ mean age was 6.10 years. A median of 12 items was ticked in the 45 children with CVI and 7 in the children without impairment. The domain ‘visual attitude’ scored positive most frequently. A logistic regression model using individual items, yielded Receiver Operating Curves for the questionnaire with good areas under the curve of 0.81 against the L94, 0.78 against the TVPS-R and 0.84 against the VP subtask. The sum score of the 6 domains was found to be an easy-obtainable score with a good sensitivity and specificity profile.
Conclusion:
This CVI questionnaire is a viable tool that has the potential of being implemented as part of a routine screening procedure for CVI.
-
References
- 1 Akaike H. A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 1974; 19: 716-723
- 2 Beery K. The Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration: VMI with Supplemental Developmental Tests of Visual Perception and Motor Coordination: Administration, Scoring and Teaching Manual. Parsippany, NJ: Modern Curriculum Press; 1997
- 3 Borsboom D, Mellenbergh GJ, van Heerden J. The theoretical status of latent variables. Psychol Rev 2003; 110: 203-219
- 4 Boynton PM, Greenhalgh T. Hands-on guide to questionnaire research selecting, designing and developing your questionnaire. BMJ 2004; 328: 1312-1315
- 5 Boynton PM. Hands-on guide to questionnaire research administering, analyzing and reporting your questionnaire. BMJ 2004; 328: 1372-1375
- 6 Braddick O, Atkinson J, Wattam-Bell J. Normal and anomalous development of visual motion processing, motion coherence and ‘dorsal-stream’ vulnerability. Neuropsychologia 2003; 43: 1769-1784
- 7 Bunce C, Womald R. Causes of blind certifications in England and Wales: April 1999 – March 2000. Eye 2007; 1-7
- 8 Carlon S, Shields N, Yong K et al. A systematic review of the psychometric properties of quality of life measures for school aged children with cerebral palsy. BMC Paediatrics 2010; 10: 81
- 9 Dutton GN. Cognitive vision, its disorders and differential diagnosis in adults and children: knowing where and what things are. Eye 2003; 17: 289-304
- 10 Dutton GN, Jacobson LK. Cerebral visual impairment in children. Semin Neonat 2001; 6: 477-485
- 11 Edmond JC, Foroozan R. Cortical visual impairment in children. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2006; 17: 509-512
- 12 Eng J. Receiver operating characteristic analysis: a primer. Acad Radiol 2005; 12: 909-916
- 13 Evensen KA, Lindqvist S, Indredavik MS et al. Do visual impairments affect risk of motor problems in preterm and term low birth weight adolescents?. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2009; 13: 47-56
- 14 Fazzi E, Bova S, Giovenzana A et al. Cognitive visual dysfunctions in preterm children with periventricular leukomalacia. Dev Med Child Neurol 2009; 51: 974-981
- 15 Fazzi E, Bova SM, Uggetti C et al. Visual-perceptual impairment in children with periventricular leukomalacia. Brain Dev 2004; 26: 506-512
- 16 Gardner MF TVPS-R: Test of visual-perceptual skills (non-motor) – Revised, Psychological and Educational Publication, Inc, San Francisco 1996
- 17 Goodale MA, Milner AD. Separate visual pathways for perception and action. Trends in Neuroscience 1992; 15: 20-25
- 18 Hart H. Cognitive and perceptual visual impairment: recognition and intervention. Dev Med Child Neurol 2010; 52: 1075
- 19 Houliston MJ, Taguri AH, Dutton GN et al. Evidence of cognitive visual problems in children with hydrocephalus: a structured clinical history-taking strategy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1999; 41: 298-306
- 20 Krägeloh-Mann I, Horber V. The role of magnetic resonance imaging in elucidating the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol 2007; 49: 144-151
- 21 Malkowicz DE, Myers G, Leisman G. Rehabilitation of cortical visual impairment in children. Int J Neurosci 2006; 116: 1015-1033
- 22 McCulloch DL, Mackie RT, Dutton GN et al. A visual skills inventory for children with neurological impairments. Dev Med Child Neurol 2007; 49: 757-763
- 23 Norris M, Lecavalier L. Screening accuracy of Level 2 Autism spectrum disorder rating scales. A review of selected instruments. Autism 2010; 14: 263-284
- 24 Norris M, Lecavalier L. Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in developmental disability psychological research. J Autism Dev Disord 2010; 40: 8-20
- 25 Ortibus E, Lagae L, Casteels I et al. Assessment of cerebral visual impairment with the L94 visual perceptual battery: clinical value and correlation with MRI findings. Dev Med Child Neurol 2009; 51: 209-217
- 26 Surveillance of cerebral palsy in Europe: a collaboration of cerebral palsy surveys and registers. Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE). Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe. Dev Med Child Neurol 2000; 42: 816-824
- 27 Torrioli MG, Frisone MF, Bonvini L et al. Perceptual-motor, visual and cognitive ability in very low birthweight preschool children without neonatal ultrasound abnormalities. Brain Dev 2000; 22: 163-168