Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2014; 231(4): 386-389
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368234
Klinische Studie
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Inferior Oblique Muscle Anteriorization in Congenital Superior Oblique Palsy

Anteriorisation des M. obliquus inferior bei kongenitaler Trochlearisparese
T. J. Enz*
1   University Hospital Zurich, Department of Ophthalmology, Zurich, Switzerland; Chair: Prof. Klara Landau
,
G. P. Jaggi*
1   University Hospital Zurich, Department of Ophthalmology, Zurich, Switzerland; Chair: Prof. Klara Landau
,
K. P. Weber
1   University Hospital Zurich, Department of Ophthalmology, Zurich, Switzerland; Chair: Prof. Klara Landau
2   University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neurology, Zurich, Switzerland; Chair: Prof. Michael Weller
,
V. Sturm
1   University Hospital Zurich, Department of Ophthalmology, Zurich, Switzerland; Chair: Prof. Klara Landau
3   Cantonal Hospital of St.Gallen, Department of Ophthalmology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Chair: PD Dr. Christophe Valmaggia
,
K. Landau
1   University Hospital Zurich, Department of Ophthalmology, Zurich, Switzerland; Chair: Prof. Klara Landau
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 13 September 2013

accepted 01 January 2014

Publication Date:
25 April 2014 (online)

Abstract

Background: Inferior oblique muscle overaction of variable amounts is usually present with congenital superior oblique palsy. Inferior oblique muscle anteriorization has been described as a suitable surgical procedure in this entity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of inferior oblique muscle anteriorization in patients with congenital superior oblique palsy on vertical, torsional and horizontal alignment.

Patients and Methods: The study was designed as an institutional retrospective cohort study. 45 patients with congenital superior oblique palsy (15 female, 30 male; mean age 36 years ± 19.2 SD, ranging from 6 to 75 years) underwent inferior oblique muscle anteriorization between 2000 and 2010. Preoperative amounts of vertical, torsional and horizontal deviation (using Harms tangent screen), measurements of Bielschowsky head tilt phenomenon as well as stereopsis (Lang test) were compared with findings three months and one year postoperatively.

Results: Preoperative vertical deviation in primary position measured 10.1° (mean; range 0–19). Three months postoperatively vertical deviation was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) to 4° (mean; range 0–20). After one year vertical deviation measured 3.5° (mean; range 0–15). The values three months postoperatively did not significantly differ from those one year postoperatively (p = 0.46).

Conclusions: Inferior oblique muscle anteriorization leads to a significant and sustained improvement of ocular alignment in patients with congenital superior oblique palsy of various degrees of severity. Thus the procedure is recommendable as a first line treatment in this clinical situation.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Die variabel ausgeprägte Überfunktion des ipsilateralen M. obliquus inferior charakterisiert die kongenitale Trochlearisparese. Die Anteriorisierung des M. obliquus inferior gilt als geeignete chirurgische Therapieoption. Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Effekt der Anteriorisierung des M. obliquus inferior bei kongenitaler Trochlearisparese auf die vertikalen, torsionellen und horizontalen Schielwinkel zu quantifizieren.

Patienten und Methoden: Retrospektive Kohortenstudie von 45 Patienten mit kongenitaler Trochlearisparese (15 weiblich, 30 männlich; 36 Jahre ± 19.2, zwischen 6 und 75 Jahre), bei denen zwischen 2000 und 2010 eine Anteriorisierung des M. obliquus inferior vorgenommen wurde. Die vertikalen, torsionellen und horizontalen Deviationen (Harmswand-Tangenten-Methode), die Abweichungen im Bielschowsky-Kopfneigetest sowie die Stereopsis (Lang-Test) wurden präoperativ, 3 Monate und 1 Jahr nach erfolgter Operation gemessen.

Ergebnisse: Die Vertikaldeviation betrug in Primärposition präoperativ 10.1° (0–19). Drei Monate postoperativ zeigte sich eine signifikante (p < 0,001) Reduktion auf 4° (0–20), nach einem Jahr auf 3.5° (0–15). Zwischen den postoperativen Werten nach 3 Monaten und 1 Jahr zeigte sich kein signifikanter Unterschied (p = 0,46).

Schlussfolgerungen: Die Anteriorisierung des M. obliquus inferior zeigt bei Patienten mit unilateraler kongenitaler Trochlearisparese verschiedener Ausprägung eine signifikante und stabile Verbesserung. Es stellt somit in dieser klinischen Situation eine empfehlenswerte „First-Line“-Behandlung dar.

* These two authors contributed equally.


 
  • References

  • 1 Garnham L, Lawson JM, OʼNeill D et al. Botulinum toxin in fourth nerve palsies. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1997; 25: 31-35
  • 2 Hatz KB, Brodsky MC, Killer HE. When is isolated inferior oblique muscle surgery an appropriate treatment for superior oblique palsy?. Eur J Ophthalmol 2006; 16: 10-16
  • 3 Parks MM. The weakening surgical procedures for eliminating overaction of the inferior oblique muscle. Am J Ophthalmol 1972; 73: 107-122
  • 4 Schmidt S, Gräf M, Kaufmann H et al. Surgery for strabismus sursoadductorius (congenital superior oblique palsy) in Childhood. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 2011; 228: 874-879
  • 5 Greenberg MF, Pollard ZF. Ocular plagiocephaly: ocular torticollis with skull and facial asymmetry. Ophthalmology 2000; 107: 173-178
  • 6 Kaeser PF, Klainguti G, Kolling GH. Inferior oblique muscle recession with and without superior oblique tendon tuck for treatment of unilateral congenital superior oblique palsy. J AAPOS 2012; 16: 26-31
  • 7 Farvardin M, Nazarpoor S. Anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle for treatment of superior oblique palsy. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2002; 39: 100-104
  • 8 Muchnick RS, McCullough DH, Strominger MB. Comparison of anterior transposition and recession of the inferior oblique muscle in unilateral superior oblique paresis. J AAPOS 1998; 2: 340-343
  • 9 Yanyali A, Elibol O, Talu H et al. A comparative study of the effectiveness of disinsertion and anterior transposition of the inferior oblique in the treatment of unilateral superior oblique palsy. Strabismus 2001; 9: 83-90
  • 10 Elliott RL, Nankin SJ. Anterior transposition of the inferior oblique. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1981; 18: 35-38
  • 11 Maruo T, Iwashige H, Kubota N et al. Long-term results of surgery for superior oblique palsy. Jpn J Ophthalmol 1996; 40: 235-238
  • 12 Klainguti G, de Ancos E, Strickler J. Traitement chirurgical de la parésie du grand oblique. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 1994; 204: 353-359
  • 13 Nucci P. Superior oblique palsy: promoting a simpler approach. Eur J Ophthalmol 2006; 16: 1-2