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Flugmedizin · Tropenmedizin · Reisemedizin - FTR 2015; 22(4): 178-188
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1563705
Raumfahrtmedizin
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

T-Zellen-Regulation unter veränderten Schwerkraftbedingungen – Erkenntnisse aus In-vitro-Experimenten in realer und simulierter Schwerelosigkeit

T-cell regulation under altered gravity conditions – current knowledge from in vitro experiments in real and simulated microgravity
Swantje Hauschild
1   Anatomisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Schweiz (Lehrstuhl für Anatomie: Prof. Hon.-Prof. Dr. Dr. Oliver Ullrich)
2   Weltraumbiotechnologie, Institut für Maschinenkonstruktion, Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg (Lehrstuhl für Konstruktionstechnik: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karl-Heinrich Grote)
,
Beatrice Lauber
1   Anatomisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Schweiz (Lehrstuhl für Anatomie: Prof. Hon.-Prof. Dr. Dr. Oliver Ullrich)
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Publication History

Publication Date:
17 August 2015 (online)

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Seit über 30 Jahren werden zahlreiche In-vitro-Studien an menschlichen Immunzellen im Weltall, in Parabelflügen oder mittels bodengestützter Forschungseinrichtungen durchgeführt. Studien mit T-Lymphozyten in Schwerelosigkeit zeigten deutlich, dass bereits T-Lymphozyten als einzelne Zellen empfindlich auf Veränderungen in der Schwerkraft reagieren und die Zellmorphologie sowie wichtige Zellfunktionen wie Zellproliferation, Signaltransduktion und Genexpression verändert werden. Bisher ist es jedoch noch nicht gelungen, die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen zu lokalisieren. Um eine allgemeingültige Hypothese formulieren zu können, müssen In-vitro-Experimente durch einheitliche Standards für Zellkulturbedingungen vergleichbar werden.

For more than thirty years, a large number of in vitro studies on human immune cells have been conducted in space, during parabolic flights, and in ground-based facilities. Experiments with T-lymphocytes revealed, that even as individual cells T-lymphocytes are sensitive to alterations in gravity: cell morphology as well as important cellular functions such as cell proliferation, signal transduction and gene expression are changed. However, to date research has not yet succeeded to locate the underlying mechanisms. Additionally, to be able to formulate a general hypothesis, in vitro experiments must become comparable by uniform standards for cell culture conditions.

Key words

lymphocytes - adaptive immunity - spaceflight - signaling - gravitational biology
 

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