Infektionsrisiko bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen – mit und ohne Therapie

Zusammenfassung

Das Risiko, an einer schweren Infektion zu erkranken, ist bei rheumatologischen Erkrankungen erhöht, wobei besonders Patienten mit systemischem Lupus erythematodes und solche unter intensiver immunsuppressiver Therapie gefährdet sind. Dabei kommt der Höhe der Dosis und der Dauer einer Therapie mit Kortikosteroiden, dem Alter der Betroffenen sowie dem Vorliegen möglicher Komorbiditäten eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Vor Einleitung einer immusuppressiven Therapie ist es daher erforderlich, die vorhandenen Risiken gegen den Nutzen einer möglichen Therapie abzuwägen und – soweit möglich – auf eine Minimierung der vorhandenen Risiken hinzuwirken. So lässt sich beispielsweise durch eine effektive Verminderung der Kortikosteroid-Dosis und durch prophylaktische Maßnahmen, wie eine konsequente Durchführung der zur Verfügung stehenden Impfungen, das Risiko für schwere Infektionen deutlich vermindern. Besonders für neue immunsuppressive Therapien sind die mit Infektionen verbundenen Risiken kritisch zu prüfen, um die Therapiesicherheit zu erhöhen.

Summary

Patients suffering from rheumatic diseases were endangered by severe infections. Important risk factors were dosage and length of corticosteroid therapy, older age or comorbidities like lung diseases or diabetes. Before starting an immunosuppressive therapy, the risk to suffer from a severe infection should be calculated. It can be diminished by minimizing risk factors like reducing corticosteroid dosage and performing recommended vaccinations. Thereby, safety of immunosuppressive therapy can be ameliorated.

Schlüsselwörter

Infektion - rheumatische Erkrankungen - immunsuppressive Therapie - Kortikoide

Keywords

Infection - rheumatic diseases - immunsuppressive treatment - corticosteroids

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